1, 事务处理 innodb 支持事务功能,myisam 不支持。 Myisam 的执行速度更快,性能更好。
2,select ,update ,insert ,delete 操作 MyISAM:如果执行大量的SELECT,MyISAM是更好的选择 InnoDB:如果你的数据执行大量的INSERT或UPDATE,出于性能方面的考虑,应该使用InnoDB表
3,锁机制不同 InnoDB 为行级锁,myisam 为表级锁。 注意:当数据库无法确定所找的行时,也会变为锁定整个表。 如: update table set num = 10 where username like "%test%";
4,查询表的行数不同 MyISAM:select count(*) from table,MyISAM只要简单的读出保存好的行数,注意的是,当count(*)语句包含 where条件时,两种表的操作是一样的
InnoDB : InnoDB 中不保存表的具体行数,也就是说,执行select count(*) from table时,InnoDB要扫描一遍整个表来计算有多少行
5,物理结构不同 MyISAM :每个MyISAM在磁盘上存储成三个文件。第一个文件的名字以表的名字开始,扩展名指出文件类型。 .frm文件存储表定义。 数据文件的扩展名为.MYD (MYData)。 索引文件的扩展名是.MYI (MYIndex)
InnoDB:基于磁盘的资源是InnoDB表空间数据文件和它的日志文件,InnoDB 表的大小只受限于操作系统文件的大小,一般为 2GB
6,anto_increment 机制不同 更好和更快的auto_increment处理
其他:为什么MyISAM会比Innodb 的查询速度快。 INNODB在做SELECT的时候,要维护的东西比MYISAM引擎多很多;
1)数据块,INNODB要缓存,MYISAM只缓存索引块, 这中间还有换进换出的减少;
2)innodb寻址要映射到块,再到行,MYISAM 记录的直接是文件的OFFSET,定位比INNODB要快
3)INNODB还需要维护MVCC一致;虽然你的场景没有,但他还是需要去检查和维护 MVCC ( Multi-Version Concurrency Control )多版本并发控制 InnoDB:通过为每一行记录添加两个额外的隐藏的值来实现MVCC,这两个值一个记录这行数据何时被创建,另外一个记录这行数据何时过期(或者被删除)。但是InnoDB并不存储这些事件发生时的实际时间,相反它只存储这些事件发生时的系统版本号。这是一个随着事务的创建而不断增长的数字。每个事务在事务开始时会记录它自己的系统版本号。每个查询必须去检查每行数据的版本号与事务的版本号是否相同。让我们来看看当隔离级别是REPEATABLE READ时这种策略是如何应用到特定的操作的: SELECT InnoDB必须每行数据来保证它符合两个条件: 1、InnoDB必须找到一个行的版本,它至少要和事务的版本一样老(也即它的版本号不大于事务的版本号)。这保证了不管是事务开始之前,或者事务创建时,或者修改了这行数据的时候,这行数据是存在的。 2、这行数据的删除版本必须是未定义的或者比事务版本要大。这可以保证在事务开始之前这行数据没有被删除。
所以,InnoDB 用于数据完整性/写性能要求比较高的应用. MyISAM 适合查询应用。
如果不是对事务要求非常的强,高并发写推荐选择MyISAM。理由如下:
MyISAM的索引和数据是分开的,并且索引是有压缩的,内存使用率就对应提高了不少,能加载更多索引,而Innodb是索引和数据是紧密捆绑的,没有使用压缩从而会造成Innodb比MyISAM体积庞大不小;
InnoDB存储引擎在插入数据时会花更多的开销在维护完整性、维持事务上,所以效率比MyISAM低;
根据题主的描述,主要是插入数据,并且只有一张表,后期对该表的操作也主要是查询吧,就查询速度而言,MyISAM比InnoDB更优越,并且还有MyISAM索引,可以很好的优化查询速度。

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