Golang WebSocket Security Guide: Protect your application from attacks

Golang WebSocket Security Guide: Protect your application from attacks

Introduction:
WebSocket is a two-way communication protocol based on the HTTP protocol, which enables Persistent two-way communication is possible between the browser and the server. However, precisely because of this two-way communication feature, WebSocket has also become a potential target for attackers to conduct malicious attacks. When using Golang to develop WebSocket applications, we need to take a series of security measures to protect the application from attacks. This article will introduce some common WebSocket attack types and provide corresponding Golang code examples to defend against these attacks.

1. Cross-site scripting attack (XSS)
Cross-site scripting attack is a common web security vulnerability. The attacker injects malicious scripts into the page to obtain the user's sensitive information or hijack the user's password. session. In WebSocket applications, XSS attacks are also risky. In order to prevent XSS attacks, we can adopt the following measures:

1. Input verification and filtering: When receiving data from the client, strictly verify and filter the input. Use the validation functions and regular expressions provided in Golang to check the validity of the data.

Code sample:

import "net/url"

func validateInput(input string) bool {
    _, err := url.ParseRequestURI(input)
    if err != nil {
        return false
    }
    return true
}

2. Output encoding: When sending data to the client, encode the output appropriately to ensure that malicious scripts injected with attacks cannot be executed.

Code example:

import "html"

func sendMessage(client *websocket.Conn, message string) {
    encodedMessage := html.EscapeString(message)
    client.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, []byte(encodedMessage))
}

2. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)
Cross-site request forgery is a method that uses users to perform unexpected actions while logged in. The attack method of operation. Attackers perform unauthorized operations by forging user identity information and sending malicious requests. For WebSocket applications, we can take the following measures to prevent CSRF attacks:

1. Add CSRF token: Generate a random CSRF token for each user and store it in the session. This token is sent every time a WebSocket request is initiated, and the validity of the token is verified on the server side.

Code example:

import "crypto/rand"
import "encoding/base64"

func generateCsrfToken() string {
    token := make([]byte, 32)
    _, err := rand.Read(token)
    if err != nil {
        // 处理错误
    }
    return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(token)
}

2. SameSite Cookie attribute: Set the cookie's SameSite attribute to Strict or Lax to prevent cross-site request forgery.

Code example:

http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
    Name:     "session",
    Value:    sessionID,
    SameSite: http.SameSiteStrictMode,
})

3. Denial of Service Attack (DoS)
Denial of Service attack aims to make normal users unable to access or use services by consuming server resources. To protect WebSocket applications from DoS attacks, we can take the following measures:

1. Limit the number of connections: Limit the number of concurrent connections per IP address or user to prevent a single user from taking up too many resources.

Code example:

import "sync/atomic"

type ConnectionLimiter struct {
    MaxConnections int32
    CurrentCount   int32
}

func (l *ConnectionLimiter) Increase() bool {
    count := atomic.AddInt32(&l.CurrentCount, 1)
    if count > l.MaxConnections {
        atomic.AddInt32(&l.CurrentCount, -1)
        return false
    }
    return true
}

func (l *ConnectionLimiter) Decrease() {
    atomic.AddInt32(&l.CurrentCount, -1)
}

2. Verify when establishing a connection: When establishing a WebSocket connection, verify the client to ensure that it is a legitimate user.

Code example:

func authenticate(client *websocket.Conn) bool {
    // 进行身份验证的逻辑
}

Conclusion:
By taking appropriate security measures, we can effectively protect Golang WebSocket applications from attacks. When developing WebSocket applications, it is important to consider these security issues and implement corresponding defense mechanisms to ensure the security and reliability of the application.

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