当需要使用PHP连接MySQL数据库的时候,会发现有两种数据库连接函数:mysql_connect()和mysql_pconnect()。
1、mysql_connect()
在脚本开始的时候,mysql_connect()会创建一个新的连接,脚本结束的时候就会关闭连接。脚本每一次执行,它都会创建一个新的连接。
2、mysql_pconnect()
当使用mysql_pconnect()连接数据库时,它首先会判断是否已经存在了数据库连接,如果存在,就会利用先用的资源ID,反之,就会创建一个新的连接。
在创建连接之后,函数返回资源ID(如果有)。当脚本再次调用的时候,它并不会创建新的连接。当然,脚本结束的时候,也不会关闭连接。这称之为持久连接。
但是,使用mysql_pconnect()时,需要对服务器配置做一下微调,譬如限制连接数,超时连接,以及处理空连接等。
3、怎么使用这两个函数
如果你的应用有很大流量,应该使用mysql_pconnect()函数,反之考虑mysql_connect()函数。
如果PHP和MySQL在同一台服务器上或者在本地网络,连接次数是可以忽略的,因为无论在哪种情况之下,持久连接都没有优势可言。
4、使用mysql_pconnect()应该留意的事
一般来说,当你锁定一个表时,连接关闭之后是就自动解锁了。但由于持久连接不关闭,任何你不小心锁定的表仍然会保持锁定的状态,唯一解锁的办法就是等待连接超时或者手动杀死进程。在进行事物处理时也会造成这个问题。
同样,临时表在连接关闭之后也会被删除。但由于持久连接不关闭,临时表就不再是临时表了。如果你完成需求后不删除临时表,它将作为一个新的客户端连接,并且是对于同一个连接。在设置Session变量的时候,会造成同样的问题。
在Apache上使用持久连接的效果并不会很好。当Apache收到客户端的一个请求时,会打开一个新的数据库连接,而不是利用已经存在持久连接去打开数据库,这将导致很多空闲进程、浪费资源,当达到最大连接数时,还是造成未知错误。

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