存储引擎及事务概念
简要:
1、什么是存储引擎
2、什么是事务
一、存储引擎
通俗地讲就是存储和管理数据的方式
形象例子:
某处地方的自行车管理员:李某,张某。每天都有很多人来存取自行车。李某的管理方式是: 车主自行存放,李某也不记录对方存的是什么车。取车时则要交管理费。也不检查取的是否是对方自己的车。相反,张某,则在车主存放车时,记录存放人的特征以及对应车的信息。当人来取车时,张某还要小心核对,人与车的特征是否对应。
从上述例子可知:
a、从效率的角度来看: 李某比张某快,因为其不用进行校对
b、从安全性的角度来看: 张某比李某要安全,因为其进行了校对。
总结: 实际上,mysql的存储引擎也是这样工作,每种存储引擎都有自身的存取方式,因此在选择上,应该根据实际情况来定。
1、如何查看mysql的引擎
mysql> show engines;
2、常用的存储引擎myisam与innodb的区别
2.1、myisam: 批量插入速度快,不支持事务,表锁
innodb:批量插入速度相对较慢,支持事务,行锁
二、事务
通俗地理解,指一组操作,要么都成功执行,要么都不执行。
例如:
用户A给用户B转账500元
先分析下这个流程:
1、判断用户A的卡余额是否大于500元,否则,则无法进行转账操作
2、在满足大于500元的基础上,用户A给用户B进行转账
3、转账操作成功,则用户A的卡余额减去500元,用户B加上500元
用程序描述下这个过程
<!--?php $userA = $momeyA; $userB = $momeyB; if( $moneyA < 500 ) { return false; } $sqlA = "update user set money=money-500 where name='userA'"; //步骤A $resultA = $db--->query($sqlA); if( $resultA ) { $sqlB = "update user set money=money+500 where name='userB'"; //步骤B $resultB = $db->query($sqlB); if( $resultB ) { return true; }else { $sqlA = "update user set money=money+500 where name='userA'"; //步骤C $resultA = $db->query($sqlA); return false; } } $sqlA = "update user set money=money+500 where name='userA'"; //步骤D $resultA = $db->query($sqlA); return false; ?>
从事务的角度看:
1、在转账过程中,出现有误,则该错误对双方而言,是没有影响的。即不可能因为某个错误,导致用户A白白减少500,而用户B莫名其妙多了500
2、在转账过程中,用户A是不可能看到自己的卡余额减下500,而用户B也是无法看到自己增加500元,因为转账操作还未结束。
3、单单从这个过程,用户A与用户B的总金额是不变的。只不过是一方减少,另一方增加
总结下事务的几个特性
a、 原子性:一组操作,要么都成功执行,要么都不执行
b、 隔离性:在所有的操作没有执行完毕之前,其它会话不能够看到中间改变的过程
c、 一致性:事务发生前和发生后,数据的总额依然匹配
d、 持久性:事务产生的影响不能够撤销

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