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存储引擎及事务概念

简要:
1、什么是存储引擎
2、什么是事务

 

一、存储引擎

 

通俗地讲就是存储和管理数据的方式

形象例子:

 

某处地方的自行车管理员:李某,张某。每天都有很多人来存取自行车。李某的管理方式是: 车主自行存放,李某也不记录对方存的是什么车。取车时则要交管理费。也不检查取的是否是对方自己的车。相反,张某,则在车主存放车时,记录存放人的特征以及对应车的信息。当人来取车时,张某还要小心核对,人与车的特征是否对应。

 

从上述例子可知:

 

a、从效率的角度来看: 李某比张某快,因为其不用进行校对

 

b、从安全性的角度来看: 张某比李某要安全,因为其进行了校对。

 

总结: 实际上,mysql的存储引擎也是这样工作,每种存储引擎都有自身的存取方式,因此在选择上,应该根据实际情况来定。

 

1、如何查看mysql的引擎

mysql> show engines;

 

2、常用的存储引擎myisam与innodb的区别

2.1、myisam: 批量插入速度快,不支持事务,表锁

innodb:批量插入速度相对较慢,支持事务,行锁

 

 

二、事务

通俗地理解,指一组操作,要么都成功执行,要么都不执行。

例如:

用户A给用户B转账500元

先分析下这个流程:

1、判断用户A的卡余额是否大于500元,否则,则无法进行转账操作

2、在满足大于500元的基础上,用户A给用户B进行转账

3、转账操作成功,则用户A的卡余额减去500元,用户B加上500元

用程序描述下这个过程

 


 

<!--?php
$userA = $momeyA;
$userB = $momeyB;
if( $moneyA < 500 )
{
return false;
}
$sqlA = "update user set money=money-500 where name=&#39;userA&#39;";   //步骤A
$resultA = $db--->query($sqlA);
if( $resultA )
{
$sqlB = "update user set money=money+500 where name=&#39;userB&#39;";	//步骤B
$resultB = $db->query($sqlB);	
if( $resultB )
{
	return true;
}else
{
$sqlA = "update user set money=money+500 where name=&#39;userA&#39;";	//步骤C
$resultA = $db->query($sqlA);
return false;
}
}
$sqlA = "update user set money=money+500 where name=&#39;userA&#39;";	//步骤D
$resultA = $db->query($sqlA);
return false;
?>
 

 


 

 

从事务的角度看:

1、在转账过程中,出现有误,则该错误对双方而言,是没有影响的。即不可能因为某个错误,导致用户A白白减少500,而用户B莫名其妙多了500

2、在转账过程中,用户A是不可能看到自己的卡余额减下500,而用户B也是无法看到自己增加500元,因为转账操作还未结束。

3、单单从这个过程,用户A与用户B的总金额是不变的。只不过是一方减少,另一方增加

总结下事务的几个特性

a、 原子性:一组操作,要么都成功执行,要么都不执行

b、 隔离性:在所有的操作没有执行完毕之前,其它会话不能够看到中间改变的过程

c、 一致性:事务发生前和发生后,数据的总额依然匹配

d、 持久性:事务产生的影响不能够撤销

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