Home >Database >Mysql Tutorial >MySQL中三种关联查询方式的简单比较_MySQL

MySQL中三种关联查询方式的简单比较_MySQL

WBOY
WBOYOriginal
2016-06-01 12:59:17982browse

看看下面三个关联查询的 SQL 语句有何区别?
 

SELECT * FROM film JOIN film_actor ON (film.film_id = film_actor.film_id)
SELECT * FROM film JOIN film_actor USING (film_id)
SELECT * FROM film, film_actor WHERE film.film_id = film_actor.film_id

最大的不同更多是语法糖,但有一些有意思的东西值得关注。

为了方便区别,我们将前两种写法称作是 ANSI 风格,第三种称为 Theta 风格。
Theta 风格

在 FROM 短语中列出了关联的表名,而 WHERE 短语则指定如何关联。

这种写法被认为是古老的方式,有些时候比较难以理解,请看下面查询:
 

SELECT * FROM film, film_actor WHERE film.film_id = film_actor.film_id AND actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120

上述查询列出片长超过 120 分钟的电影,其中包括演员编号是 17 的条件。别在意查询结果,查询本身如何呢?WHERE 表达式中包含三个条件,要看出哪个条件是关联,哪个条件是过滤还是稍费点事的。不过还是相对简单的,但如果是 5 个表,20 多个条件呢?
ANSI 风格: ON

使用 JOIN ... ON 可以将表关联的条件和记录过滤条件分开,将上面的语句重写后的结果如下:
 

SELECT * FROM film JOIN film_actor ON (film.film_id = film_actor.film_id) WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120

看起来清晰许多。

注意: ON 语句中的括号不是必须的,我个人喜欢这样写而已。

ANSI 风格: USING

有一种特殊情况,当两个要关联表的字段名是一样的,我们可以使用  USING ,可减少 SQL 语句的长度:
 

SELECT * FROM film JOIN film_actor USING (film_id) WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120

这个时候括号就是必须的了。这种写法很好,输入更少的单词,查询的性能也非常棒,但还需要注意一些差异。

USING 和 ON

下面语句是可行的:
 

SELECT film.title, film_id FROM film JOIN film_actor USING (film_id) WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120;

但下面这个就不行:
 

SELECT film.title, film_id FROM film JOIN film_actor ON (film.film_id = film_actor.film_id) WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120;ERROR 1052 (23000): Column 'film_id' in field list is ambiguous

因为 USING "知道" film_id 字段在两个表中都有,所以没有指定确切的表都没关系,两个值必须一致就是。

ON 就没那么智能,你必须指明要关联的表和字段名。

上面两个实际的结果是比较有趣的,当使用 USING 时,字段只在结果中出现一次:
 

SELECT * FROM film JOIN film_actor USING (film_id) WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120 LIMIT 1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       film_id: 96
        title: BREAKING HOME
     description: A Beautiful Display of a Secret Agent And a Monkey who must Battle a Sumo Wrestler in An Abandoned Mine Shaft
    release_year: 2006
     language_id: 1
original_language_id: NULL
   rental_duration: 4
     rental_rate: 2.99
       length: 169
  replacement_cost: 21.99
       rating: PG-13
  special_features: Trailers,Commentaries
     last_update: 2006-02-15 05:03:42
      actor_id: 17
     last_update: 2006-02-15 05:05:03

而使用 ON 时,字段就会出现两次:
 

SELECT * FROM film JOIN film_actor ON film.film_id = film_actor.film_id WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120 LIMIT 1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       film_id: 96
        title: BREAKING HOME
     description: A Beautiful Display of a Secret Agent And a Monkey who must Battle a Sumo Wrestler in An Abandoned Mine Shaft
    release_year: 2006
     language_id: 1
original_language_id: NULL
   rental_duration: 4
     rental_rate: 2.99
       length: 169
  replacement_cost: 21.99
       rating: PG-13
  special_features: Trailers,Commentaries
     last_update: 2006-02-15 05:03:42
      actor_id: 17
       film_id: 96
     last_update: 2006-02-15 05:05:03

幕后

MySQL 对两者的处理方式是相同的,使用 EXPLAIN EXTENDED 我们可以看到:
 

EXPLAIN EXTENDED SELECT film.title, film_id FROM film JOIN film_actor USING (film_id) WHERE actor_id = 17 AND film.length > 120\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
...
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
 
root@mysql-5.1.51> SHOW WARNINGS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Level: Note
  Code: 1003
Message: select `sakila`.`film`.`title` AS `title`,`sakila`.`film`.`film_id` AS `film_id`
     from `sakila`.`film` join `sakila`.`film_actor`
     where (
         (`sakila`.`film`.`film_id` = `sakila`.`film_actor`.`film_id`)
         and (`sakila`.`film_actor`.`actor_id` = 17)
         and (`sakila`.`film`.`length` > 120)
        )

最终所有的查询都被转成了 Theta 风格。

译者:就是说这三种方式除了写法不同外,没什么区别。

Statement:
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn