How to create an unstarted HTTP server using the net/http/httptest.NewUnstartedServer function in golang

How to create an unstarted HTTP server using the net/http/httptest.NewUnstartedServer function in golang

Overview:
In Golang, we can use net /http package to build and handle HTTP servers. When doing unit testing, sometimes you need to create an unstarted HTTP server to simulate server behavior in the test. In this case, you can use the NewUnstartedServer function in the net/http/httptest package to create an unstarted HTTP server.

The NewUnstartedServer function is a function in the net/http/httptest package that creates an unstarted HTTP server based on the passed parameters. When we call this function, an *httptest.Server instance will be returned, which represents an unstarted server. We can use this instance in our tests to simulate various server behaviors.

The following is a specific code example to demonstrate how to use the NewUnstartedServer function to create an unstarted HTTP server.

Code example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "testing"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个未启动的HTTP服务器
    server := httptest.NewUnstartedServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello, World!")
    }))

    // 启动HTTP服务器
    server.Start()

    // 发送HTTP请求到服务器
    resp, err := http.Get(server.URL)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("发送请求失败", err)
        return
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()

    // 输出响应内容
    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("读取响应失败", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println("响应：", string(body))

    // 停止HTTP服务器
    server.Close()
}

In the above example, we first created an unstarted HTTP server using the httptest.NewUnstartedServer function. The server's handler function is an anonymous function that simply returns "Hello, World!" to the requesting client.

Then, we call the server.Start() method to start the HTTP server. After the server is started, we use the http.Get function to initiate a GET request to the server's URL and obtain the response returned by the server.

Finally, we output the response content and call server.Close() to close the HTTP server.

It should be noted that the unstarted HTTP server only simulates responses to the client sending the request, and will not actually monitor and process requests from the outside. Therefore, you don't need to worry about conflicts or effects with the real server when using an unstarted HTTP server in your tests.

Summary:
In Golang, using the net/http/httptest.NewUnstartedServer function can easily create an unstarted HTTP server for simulating server behavior in testing. The server created by this function can be started through the server.Start() method, and uses functions such as http.Get to simulate the client sending requests. After use, you can call the server.Close() method to shut down the server. This method allows us to easily unit test the HTTP server.

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