How to develop a simple task distribution system using Node.js

How to use Node.js to develop a simple task distribution system

Introduction
In modern software development, task distribution systems are very common and important a component. It can distribute tasks to different worker nodes to achieve parallel processing and improve system efficiency. This article will introduce how to use Node.js to develop a simple task distribution system and provide specific code examples.

1. System Design
   First, we need to design a simple task distribution system architecture. The system consists of two main components: task distributors and worker nodes.

1.1 Task Distributor
The task distributor is responsible for receiving tasks and distributing tasks to worker nodes. It needs to provide the following functions:

• Receive task requests: The task distributor needs to receive task requests from the client, and can define and communicate the interface through the HTTP protocol.
• Task distribution: The task distributor distributes the received tasks to the available working nodes, and a load balancing algorithm can be used to select the working nodes.
• Task monitoring: Task distributors need to monitor the status and progress of tasks in real time. They can use timers to poll worker nodes to obtain task status.

1.2 Worker Node
Worker nodes are responsible for executing tasks. It needs to provide the following functions:

• Registration target: The worker node needs to register its own availability with the task distributor. Registration can be achieved by sending a heartbeat message to the task distributor.
• Receive tasks: Worker nodes need to receive tasks from task distributors and execute task logic.
• Task feedback: The worker node needs to feedback the task results to the task distributor after the task execution is completed. The interface definition and communication can be carried out through the HTTP protocol.

2. Development Steps
   After having the concept of system design, we can start to use Node.js to implement the task distribution system.

2.1 Create a task distributor
First, we need to create a task distributor module. In the task distributor module, we can define interfaces to receive task requests and use load balancing algorithms to select worker nodes. The following is a simple sample code:

const express = require('express');
const app = express();

app.use(express.json());

// 接收任务请求
app.post('/task', (req, res) => {
  const { taskId, payload } = req.body;

  // 使用负载均衡算法选择工作节点
  const selectedNode = selectNode();

  // 将任务分发给工作节点
  sendTask(selectedNode, taskId, payload);

  res.status(200).send('Task has been dispatched.');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
  console.log('Task dispatcher is running on port 3000.');
});

2.2 Create a worker node
Next, we need to create the module of the worker node. In the worker node module, we can define interfaces to receive tasks and execute task logic. After completing the task, the worker node needs to feedback the task results to the task distributor. The following is a simple sample code:

const express = require('express');
const app = express();

app.use(express.json());

// 注册到任务分发者
app.post('/register', (req, res) => {
  const { nodeId } = req.body;

  // 注册到任务分发者
  registerNode(nodeId);

  res.status(200).send('Node has been registered.');
});

// 接收任务
app.post('/task', (req, res) => {
  const { taskId, payload } = req.body;

  // 执行任务逻辑
  const result = executeTask(taskId, payload);

  // 反馈任务结果
  sendTaskResult(taskId, result);

  res.status(200).send('Task has been completed.');
});

app.listen(4000, () => {
  console.log('Worker node is running on port 4000.');
});

3. Summary
   This article introduces how to use Node.js to develop a simple task distribution system. Through the cooperation of task distributors and worker nodes, we can achieve parallel processing of tasks and improve the efficiency of the system. I hope the content of this article will be helpful to you, and everyone is welcome to practice and explore more application scenarios.

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