How to install and upgrade software on Linux systems

Linux system is one of the most popular operating systems at present. It is widely used in desktop and server fields. In Linux systems, software installation and upgrade are very important operations, and they are also where many novice users get confused. This article will briefly introduce the software installation and upgrade methods of Linux systems, and provide some specific code examples, hoping to help beginners better master these basic knowledge.

1. Software installation

In Linux systems, there are three main ways to install software: source code compilation and installation, package manager installation and binary package installation. They are introduced separately below.

1. Source code compilation and installation

Source code compilation and installation is the most flexible and universal software installation method, and it is suitable for all Linux systems. However, source code compilation and installation requires users to manually download the source code package, compile, install, and deal with dependencies and other issues, which is relatively cumbersome. The following is an example of installing the Nginx server:

(1) Download the source code package. It can be downloaded from the official website (https://nginx.org) or other mirror sites.

(2) Unzip the source code package. Enter the downloaded directory and execute the following command:

tar xvf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

(3) Install the compilation tools and dependencies. To compile source code packages on a Linux system, you need to install some compilation tools and dependencies, such as gcc, make, perl, etc. You can install it using the package manager:

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev libssl-dev

(4) Configuration , compile and install. Enter the decompressed nginx directory and execute the following command:

./configure
make
sudo make install

2. Package manager installation

Commonly used package managers in Linux systems include APT, YUM, rpm, etc., which provide convenient software installation and upgrade methods. Taking APT as an example, we can use the apt-get command to install the software, as follows:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx

3. Binary package installation

Binary package installation is a simple and fast way to install software, and has good support for some popular software (such as Chrome browser, Steam game platform, etc.). Usually the official website will provide a binary package (usually in .tar.gz or .deb format), which can be downloaded and decompressed or installed. The following is an example of installing the Google Chrome browser:

(1) Download the binary package. You can download the .deb package for Linux from the official website (https://www.google.com/chrome/).

(2) Install dependencies. The Chrome browser needs to rely on some system libraries, so it needs to be installed first:

sudo apt-get install libxss1 libappindicator1 libindicator7

(3) Install the software. Enter the download directory and execute the following command:

sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

2. Software upgrade

Software upgrade is a common operation in Linux systems , which can fix bugs, improve performance, update features, and more. The main way to upgrade software is to upgrade the package manager. The following is an introduction using APT as an example.

1. Update software source

Before upgrading the software, you need to update the software source information first. Execute the following command:

sudo apt-get update

2. Check available updates

Execute the following command to list available updates:

sudo apt-get upgrade

This command will list all available updated packages in the system.

3. Perform update

Execute the following command to update all software packages:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

If there are prompts during the update process, please follow the prompts.

If you only want to update a certain software package, you can execute the following command:

sudo apt-get upgrade packagename

You can also do it through the graphical interface that comes with the package manager. software upgrade. Different package managers have different graphical interfaces, such as APT, Synaptic, Software Center, etc. You can choose according to your own preferences.

Summary

This article introduces the methods of software installation and upgrade in Linux systems, and provides some specific code examples. Although the package managers and commands of each Linux distribution are slightly different, the basic operations are similar. I hope readers can learn basic skills through this article and better manage their own Linux systems.

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