How to configure and manage DNS services on Linux

How to configure and manage DNS service on Linux

Introduction:
DNS (Domain Name System) is used on the Internet to convert domain names into IP addresses system. In Linux systems, we can use some open source software to configure and manage DNS services. This article will introduce how to configure and manage DNS services on Linux and provide specific code examples.

Step 1: Install DNS server software
First, we need to select and install the appropriate DNS server software. In Linux systems, commonly used DNS server software includes Bind and PowerDNS. The following is a sample command to install Bind (for Debian/Ubuntu systems):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bind9

Step 2: Configure the main configuration file
Once the DNS server software is installed, we need to edit the main configuration file to specify DNS server behavior. The following is an example of Bind's main configuration file (the path is /etc/bind/named.conf):

// 全局配置
options {
  directory "/var/cache/bind";
  recursion yes;
  allow-recursion { any; };
};

// 定义本地域名区域
zone "example.com" {
  type master;
  file "/etc/bind/db.example.com";
};

// 定义反向解析区域
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
  type master;
  file "/etc/bind/db.192";
};

Step 3: Configure the domain name resolution file
In addition to configuring the main configuration file, we also need to create Domain name resolution file to specify the corresponding relationship between domain names and IP addresses. The following is an example domain name resolution file (the path is /etc/bind/db.example.com):

$ORIGIN .
$TTL 86400
example.com    IN    SOA    ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (
                              2021102601 ; serial
                              3600       ; 刷新周期
                              1800       ; 重试周期
                              604800     ; 过期时间
                              86400      ; 缓存时间
                              )
        NS    ns1.example.com.
        NS    ns2.example.com.
        A     192.168.0.10
$ORIGIN example.com.
ns1     A     192.168.0.10
ns2     A     192.168.0.20
www     CNAME example.com.

Step 4: Configure the reverse resolution file
In order to achieve resolution from IP address to domain name, We also need to configure the reverse parsing file. The following is the reverse parsing file of the example (the path is /etc/bind/db.192):

$ORIGIN .
$TTL 86400
0.168.192.in-addr.arpa    IN    SOA    ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (
                                           2021102601 ; serial
                                           3600       ; 刷新周期
                                           1800       ; 重试周期
                                           604800     ; 过期时间
                                           86400      ; 缓存时间
                                           )
        NS    ns1.example.com.
        NS    ns2.example.com.
10      PTR   example.com.

Step 5: Restart the DNS service
After completing the above configuration, we need to restart the DNS service to make the configuration Take effect. The following is an example restart command (applicable to Debian/Ubuntu systems):

sudo systemctl restart bind9

Step 6: Test DNS service
In order to verify the correctness of the DNS service, we can use the dig command to query the IP address of the specified domain name . The following is an example dig command:

dig example.com

Conclusion:
Through the above steps, we can successfully configure and manage the DNS service on the Linux system. First we installed the DNS server software, then configured the main configuration files, domain name resolution and reverse resolution files, and finally restarted the DNS service and tested it. Through these steps, we can provide reliable domain name resolution services for our network environment.

Please note that the paths and file names in the above examples may vary between different Linux distributions. In actual configuration, please change the path and file name according to your own environment.

Reference:

• BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual: https://downloads.isc.org/isc/bind9/cur/9.16/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch01. html
• "How To Configure BIND as a DNS Server on Ubuntu 20.04": https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-configure-bind-as-a-dns-server -on-ubuntu-20-04-zh

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