Compared with Swoole and PHP-FPM, how to choose a suitable application scenario?

With the rapid development of the Internet, PHP, as an important programming language, has always been favored by everyone. In PHP applications, PHP-FPM is a classic web server that we are all familiar with, but PHP-FPM has obvious bottlenecks and is difficult to support high concurrent requests. At this time, we need a high-performance asynchronous network framework to solve this problem, and Swoole came into being.

Swoole is a fully asynchronous non-blocking PHP network communication engine designed for production environments, including Server, Client, Coroutine, AsyncIO, Timer, EventLoop and other components, which can greatly improve the performance of PHP. Reduce server load pressure.

So compared with Swoole and PHP-FPM, how to choose a suitable application scenario? Here I will explore this issue with specific code examples.

Applicable scenario analysis

PHP-FPM applicable scenario

First of all, PHP-FPM is suitable for application scenarios with low request concurrency, such as B-side applications, CMS, Blog, etc. Handling requests is relatively simple and the load carried by the server is not very high. PHP-FPM adopts a synchronous blocking mode, which cannot fully utilize multi-core CPU resources, and the speed of processing requests is relatively slow. At the same time, because the number of PHP-FPM processes is related to the number of CPU cores, and the PHP-FPM process is heavier, it is difficult to start Handling a large number of short connections can put a huge strain on the CPU and memory. When request concurrency is too high, PHP-FPM's request processing speed cannot meet business needs, and the system response time slows down or even crashes. Therefore, PHP-FPM is suitable for application scenarios that handle low concurrency and long connections.

Swoole applicable scenarios

In contrast, Swoole can be said to be the best choice for solving high concurrency and massive requests. The bottom layer of Swoole uses asynchronous communication, taking advantage of the multi-core performance of the CPU. It does not block and wait for IO operations when processing requests, thus improving the throughput and load capacity of the system. At the same time, Swoole supports multiple protocols and asynchronous programming methods, and developers can freely choose according to business needs. It is suitable for application scenarios that handle high concurrency and short connections, such as IM, API, games, etc.

Specific code examples

1. PHP-FPM implementation

In order to make the code more suitable for actual application scenarios, we use a query database and return the results API interface as an example.

<?php
//连接MySQL数据库
$dsn = "mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=test";
$user = "test";
$pass = "test";
$pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass);

//查询数据
$sql = "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ".$_GET['id'];
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->fetchAll();

//返回结果
header('Content-type: application/json');
echo json_encode($result);

The above code is a typical PHP-FPM synchronous blocking mode. Each request requires a new PDO object and query operation, and then waits for the return result. The response cannot be returned until the request processing is completed. Doing so will This puts a lot of pressure on the server.

2. Swoole implementation

Next, let’s take a look at how to use Swoole to implement asynchronous non-blocking operations.

<?php
//连接MySQL数据库
$serv = new SwooleCoroutineHttpServer("127.0.0.1", 9501);
$serv->handle('/', function ($request, $response) {
    $mysql = new SwooleCoroutineMySQL();
    $mysql->connect([
        'host' => '127.0.0.1',
        'port' => 3306,
        'user' => 'test',
        'password' => 'test',
        'database' => 'test',
    ]);
    $result = $mysql->query("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ".$request->get['id']);
    $response->header("Content-Type", "application/json");
    $response->end(json_encode($result));
});

$serv->start();

In the above code, we first create a Swoole HTTP server and let Swoole handle operations such as receiving and sending request responses. In the request processing callback function, we create a coroutine MySQL object, use the query method to perform query operations, and set the response result.

Compared with the previous PHP-FPM code, Swoole's code is relatively simple, but it can handle multiple requests at the same time, so that it can make full use of the multi-core performance of the CPU and improve the speed and efficiency of request processing.

Summary

Through the introduction of this article, we can clearly see the differences and differences between Swoole and PHP-FPM. Compared with PHP-FPM, Swoole has higher concurrency and more Good performance optimization and easier asynchronous programming model. Choosing to use Swoole or PHP-FPM needs to be decided based on the needs of the actual business scenario. Finally, I hope that the introduction of this article can help readers better understand the differences and applicable scenarios between Swoole and PHP-FPM, and provide reference and help for everyone's development practice.

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