Swoole Advanced: How to Optimize the Network Communication Performance of the Server

Swoole is a high-performance network communication framework based on TCP/UDP protocol. It provides a variety of network programming models such as asynchronous and coroutine. It is written in C language and has very good performance. outstanding. However, in actual projects, if you want to give full play to the performance advantages of Swoole, you need to optimize it for specific scenarios. This article describes how to optimize the network communication performance of the server and provides specific code examples.

1. Utilize asynchronous non-blocking IO

Swoole provides support for asynchronous non-blocking IO, which means that we can handle more requests without blocking the process. By using asynchronous IO, each client's request can be processed independently, thereby achieving higher concurrency.

The following code is a simple TCP server that can accept multiple client connections and use the asynchronous IO functions provided by Swoole for processing:

$serv = new SwooleServer('127.0.0.1', 9501);

$serv->set([
    'worker_num' => 4, // 开启4个worker进程
]);

$serv->on('connect', function ($serv, $fd) {
    echo "Client:Connect.
";
});

$serv->on('receive', function ($serv, $fd, $from_id, $data) {
    $serv->send($fd, 'Swoole: '.$data);
});

$serv->on('close', function ($serv, $fd) {
    echo "Client: Close.
";
});

$serv->start();

In the above code, we use Use the $serv->set() function provided by Swoole to configure the server, in which the worker_num parameter is set to 4, which means that 4 worker processes are started. When a client connects, the connect event is triggered, and connection information is output in this event. When the client sends data, the receive event is triggered, in which the sent data will be replied to the client. When the client closes the connection, the close event is triggered, in which disconnection information is output.

2. Use coroutine mode

Swoole's coroutine mode can make our code more concise and improve concurrent processing capabilities. In coroutine mode, we do not need to manually create and destroy threads, nor do we need to use a lock mechanism to ensure thread safety.

The following is a sample code of a coroutine TCP server:

$serv = new SwooleServer('127.0.0.1', 9501);

$serv->set([
    'worker_num' => 4,
]);

$serv->on('connect', function ($serv, $fd){
    echo "Client: Connect.
";
});

$serv->on('receive', function ($serv, $fd, $from_id, $data){
    go(function() use ($serv, $fd, $data){
        $result = dosomething($data);
        $serv->send($fd, $result);
    });
});

$serv->on('close', function ($serv, $fd){
    echo "Client: Close.
";
});

$serv->start();

function dosomething($data)
{
    // do something
    return $result;
}

The go() function in the code indicates the creation of a coroutine, in which we process customers When the request is processed, the result is returned to the client. Since Swoole uses coroutine scheduling at the bottom, the coroutine mode performs better than the traditional thread mode when handling I/O-intensive tasks.

3. Use connection pool

If you use Swoole for database operations, then the connection pool is a very useful tool, which can reduce the performance overhead caused by frequently creating and closing database connections. Swoole provides SwooleCoroutineChannel as an implementation of the connection pool.

The following is a simple connection pool example, taking a MySQL connection as an example:

class MysqlPool
{
    protected $pool;

    public function __construct($config, $size)
    {
        $this->pool = new SwooleCoroutineChannel($size);
        for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
            $db = new SwooleCoroutineMySQL();
            $db->connect($config);
            $this->put($db);
        }
    }

    public function get()
    {
        return $this->pool->pop();
    }

    public function put($db)
    {
        $this->pool->push($db);
    }
}

In the above code, we create a MySQL connection pool with a maximum number of connections of $size. Create a connection through the $db->connect() function, and put the connection into the connection pool through the $this->put() function. When you need to use a connection, get the connection through the $this->get() function, and put the connection back through the $this->put() function after use in the connection pool.

4. Enable TCP keepalive

TCP keepalive is a mechanism that automatically detects whether the connection is available after the TCP connection has been idle for a period of time. In Swoole, you can set the TCP keepalive parameters through the $serv->set() function:

$serv = new SwooleServer('127.0.0.1', 9501);

$serv->set([
    'worker_num' => 4,
    'tcp_keepalive' => true,
]);

$serv->on('connect', function ($serv, $fd){
    echo "Client: Connect.
";
});

$serv->on('receive', function ($serv, $fd, $from_id, $data){
    $serv->send($fd, "Swoole: ".$data);
});

$serv->on('close', function ($serv, $fd){
    echo "Client: Close.
";
});

$serv->start();

When the TCP keepalive parameter is set to true, it means that the TCP keepalive mechanism is enabled. When the connection is idle for a period of time, the system will automatically detect whether the connection is available and re-establish the connection.

5. Enable asynchronous signal callback

Enabling asynchronous signal callback allows the process to receive system signals and handle them accordingly, such as exiting the process, reloading the configuration, restarting the process, etc.

The following is a simple example that stops the server when the SIGTERM signal is received:

$serv = new SwooleServer('127.0.0.1', 9501);

$serv->set([
    'worker_num' => 4,
]);

$serv->on('connect', function ($serv, $fd){
    echo "Client: Connect.
";
});

$serv->on('receive', function ($serv, $fd, $from_id, $data){
    $serv->send($fd, "Swoole: ".$data);
});

$serv->on('close', function ($serv, $fd){
    echo "Client: Close.
";
});

swoole_process::signal(SIGTERM, function() use ($serv) {
    $serv->shutdown();
});

$serv->start();

In the above code, pass swoole_process::signal() function to register the SIGTERM signal callback event. When the signal is received, execute the $serv->shutdown() function to stop the server.

6. Use encrypted communication

In some scenarios, it is necessary to ensure the security of communication data. In this case, you can consider using encrypted communication. Swoole provides support for SSL/TLS. You can enable SSL/TLS by configuring the ssl_cert_file and ssl_key_file parameters in the $serv->set() function. TLS communication.

The following is a simple encrypted communication sample code:

$serv = new SwooleServer('127.0.0.1', 9501, SWOOLE_PROCESS, SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP | SWOOLE_SSL);

$serv->set([
    'worker_num' => 4,
    'ssl_cert_file' => '/path/to/server.crt',
    'ssl_key_file' => '/path/to/server.key',
]);

$serv->on('connect', function ($serv, $fd){
    echo "Client: Connect.
";
});

$serv->on('receive', function ($serv, $fd, $from_id, $data){
    $serv->send($fd, "Swoole: ".$data);
});

$serv->on('close', function ($serv, $fd){
    echo "Client: Close.
";
});

$serv->start();

In the above code, we have enabled SSL/TLS communication and passed ssl_cert_file and The ssl_key_file parameter configures the certificate and key files.

7. Summary

In this article, we introduced how to optimize the server through asynchronous non-blocking IO, coroutine mode, connection pool, TCP keepalive, asynchronous signal callback and encrypted communication. network communication performance. These methods are not limited to Swoole applications, but also apply to other network programming frameworks. By optimizing the server network communication performance, the system's concurrent processing capabilities and performance can be improved to better meet actual project needs.

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