How to use Docker for automated operation, maintenance and monitoring of containers

With the development of container technology, Docker has become one of the most popular container platforms currently. Docker can not only make applications more lightweight and cross-platform, but also improve application portability and flexibility. Docker also provides a wealth of tools and components to realize automated operation, maintenance and monitoring of containers. In this article, we will delve into how to use Docker for automated operation, maintenance and monitoring of containers.

Prerequisite knowledge

Before learning how to use Docker for automated operation, maintenance and monitoring of containers, we need to master the following basic knowledge:

1. Basic knowledge of Docker , including concepts such as Docker images and Docker containers.
2. Basic knowledge of Linux, including basic Linux command line operations, Linux file system and other concepts.
3. Basic knowledge of Docker-compose. Docker-compose is a tool used to define and run multiple Docker containers, which can simplify the deployment of docker applications.

Automated container operation and maintenance

Docker provides some automated operation and maintenance methods, making container life cycle management more convenient and efficient. In this chapter, we will introduce three aspects of using Docker for automated container operation and maintenance:

1. Automatic restart of containers

When our containers are abnormal, we can Using the automatic restart function provided by Docker, Docker will automatically restart the container when the container stops running.

docker run --restart always image_name

2. Container automatic update

When the Docker image version is updated, Docker provides an automatic update method to automatically pull and start the container from the new version of the image.

docker run -d --name my_container --restart=always image_name:latest

3. Automatic container monitoring

In addition to Docker’s own container health check, we can also use Docker’s own monitoring tools, such as the Docker Stats command for real-time monitoring Container running status information.

docker stats container_name或者container_id

Container Monitoring

Docker provides tools for monitoring containers. One of the more commonly used ones is Prometheus, which is an open source tool set for indicator recording and display, and can implement container Time series data collection and presentation. In this section, we will introduce in detail how to use Prometheus to monitor Docker containers.

1. Installing Prometheus

First, we need to download the latest installation package from the official website of Prometheus (https://prometheus.io/download/), and then unzip it to Linux.

tar -zxvf prometheus-*.tar.gz
cd prometheus-*

2. Configuring Prometheus

Add the following content to the prometheus.yml file to configure Docker monitoring on Prometheus

scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'prometheus'
  scrape_interval: 5s
  static_configs:
    - targets: ['localhost:9090']

3. Start Prometheus using Docker Compose

The easiest way to start Prometheus related services (Docker daemon, Prometheus) is to use Docker Compose. The following is a sample docker-compose.yml file for starting Prometheus and related services.

version: '3'
services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus

    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
    restart: always

4. Configuring Docker monitoring on Prometheus

Add the following content to the prometheus.yml file to configure Docker monitoring on Prometheus.

scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'docker'
  scrape_interval: 5s
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['localhost:9323']

5. Run exporter

To export Docker status as Prometheus metrics, you need to use Prometheus Exporter. The following is an example of docker-compose.yml file.

version: '3'
services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
    restart: always
  prometheus-exporter:
    image: prom/node-exporter:v0.15.2
    command:
      - '--path.rootfs=/hostfs'
    ports:
      - "9323:9323"
    volumes:
      - /proc:/hostfs/proc:ro
      - /sys:/hostfs/sys:ro
      - /:/hostfs:ro
    restart: always

6. Restart the service and check the monitoring information

Restart the Docker service and check the monitoring information of Prometheus. You can see the CPU, memory and other indicators, as well as the Docker daemon's index.

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
docker-compose up
http://localhost:9090

Summary

This article introduces how to use Docker for automated container operation, maintenance and monitoring, starting with automatic container restart, automatic container update, and automatic container monitoring, and explains in detail how to use Prometheus to monitor Docker container running status. We learned that using Docker can make container operation, maintenance and monitoring more efficient and simpler, allowing us to better manage containerized applications.

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