Use JavaScript functions to implement web page navigation and routing

In modern web applications, implementing web page navigation and routing is a very important part. Using JavaScript functions to implement this functionality can make our web applications more flexible, scalable, and user-friendly. This article describes how to use JavaScript functions to implement web page navigation and routing, and provides specific code examples.

1. Implementing web page navigation

For a Web application, web page navigation is the most frequently operated part by users. When a user clicks a link or button on the page, the page reloads and displays new content. Normally, we use hyperlinks to navigate web pages. However, in some modern web applications, we often choose to implement page refresh-free navigation. In this way, changes to the website content will not cause the entire page to be reloaded, but JavaScript will be used to dynamically update the page content. The code below shows how to use JavaScript functions to navigate a web page.

function navigateTo(url) {
  // 使用 Ajax 请求新的网页内容
  let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
  xhr.open("GET", url, true);
  xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
    if (this.readyState === 4 && this.status === 200) {
      // 更新页面内容
      document.getElementById("main-content").innerHTML = this.responseText;
      // 修改当前 URL
      history.pushState({}, "", url);
    }
  };
  xhr.send();
}

In this code, we define a function named navigateTo. This function accepts a URL parameter as input and then uses Ajax requests to obtain new web content. When the Ajax request is successful, we use the innerHTML attribute to update the page content, and use the history.pushState() method to modify the current URL. This method accepts three parameters: the state object, the new title, and the new URL. In this example, we just need to modify the new URL.

In practical applications, we can bind this function to links or buttons on the web page. When users click these links or buttons, we can dynamically update the page content without reloading the entire page.

2. Implement routing

In addition to implementing web page navigation, routing also needs to be implemented. Routing refers to displaying corresponding page content according to different paths of the URL. By implementing routing through JavaScript functions, we can dynamically update page content based on different URL paths when the URL changes. The code below shows how to implement routing using JavaScript functions.

function addRoute(path, callback) {
  let route = { path: path, callback: callback };
  routes.push(route);
}

function routeTo(path) {
  for (let i = 0; i < routes.length; i++) {
    let route = routes[i];
    if (route.path === path) {
      route.callback();
      return;
    }
  }
}

function onRouteChange() {
  let path = location.pathname;
  routeTo(path);
}

let routes = [];

// 添加路由
addRoute("/", function() {
  let content = "<h1>欢迎来到首页！</h1>";
  document.getElementById("main-content").innerHTML = content;
});

addRoute("/about", function() {
  let content = "<h1>关于我们</h1><p>我们是一家创新的科技公司。</p>";
  document.getElementById("main-content").innerHTML = content;
});

// 监听路由变化
window.addEventListener("popstate", onRouteChange);
onRouteChange();

In this code, we define three functions to implement routing. addRoute The function is used to add a route to the routing table. The function accepts two parameters: URL path and callback function. The routeTo function is used to find the corresponding callback function based on the URL path to display the page content. The onRouteChange function is used to trigger the routing callback function and dynamically update the page content when the page URL changes.

In actual applications, we need to add a route first, and then call the onRouteChange function to trigger the callback function to display the corresponding page content when the route changes. In this example, two routes are added, corresponding to the root path "/" and the about page "/about". When the URL changes, we use the popstate event to listen for routing changes, and then call the onRouteChange function to trigger the routing callback function.

Conclusion

In this article, we introduced how to use JavaScript functions to implement web page navigation and routing. By using Ajax requests and HTML5’s pushState() method, we can achieve page refresh-free navigation. By using JavaScript functions and popstate events, we can implement routing functionality to dynamically update page content based on URL changes. These two technologies will make our web applications more flexible and user-friendly. With these technologies, we can quickly build modern web applications.

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