


MySQL is currently one of the most popular relational database management systems. It is widely used in various fields such as the Internet, finance, and logistics. It not only has high reliability and stability, but also There are also better data storage and management capabilities. In daily development work, data backup and recovery are an essential part. The following is some of my experience sharing in actual project development.
1. The importance of data backup
Data backup is one of the important means to ensure database security. Once data is lost, it will have a huge impact on the operation and management of the enterprise. Therefore, developers should fully realize the importance of data backup and take appropriate measures to perform backup.
2. Selection of data backup solutions
MySQL provides a variety of backup solutions, including mysqldump, physical backup (based on file system), binary log backup, etc. The following is the backup solution I have used.
- mysqldump backup
mysqldump is MySQL’s own backup tool that can completely back up the database in SQL format. When using this backup plan, you need to set the following parameters:
(1) Back up the database
mysqldump -u root -p --opt database_name > backup_file.sql
(2) Back up only a certain table
mysqldump -u root -p database_name table_name > backup_file.sql
The advantage of mysqldump backup is that The file takes up little space and is highly readable, but the disadvantage is that the backup speed is slow and the backup time is long. For large database backups, volume backup may be required.
- Physical backup
Physical backup refers to backing up MySQL data files and backing up at the data file level. The backup process includes two parts: copy of data files and backup of binary logs. When using this backup solution, you need to use tools such as rsync and scp to copy the data files to the backup server.
The advantage of physical backup is that the backup speed is fast and the backup time is short, but the disadvantage is that the backup file takes up relatively large space.
- Binary log backup
MySQL’s binary log records all changes made to the database. When using this backup plan, you only need to back up the binary log. When using this backup plan, you need to set the following parameters:
(1) Enable binary log
log-bin=mysql-bin
(2) Back up binary log
mysqlbinlog -u root -p binlog_file > backup_file.sql
The advantage of binary log backup is that It is fast and can perform incremental backup and differential backup, but the disadvantage is that the backup file cannot be directly used to restore data, and the binary log needs to be parsed first.
3. Selection of data recovery plan
Before data recovery, you need to decide which backup plan to use for recovery. The following is the data recovery solution I have used.
- mysqldump recovery
When using mysqldump for backup, you can use the following command to restore:
mysql -u root -p database_name < backup_file.sql
This command will import the data in the backup file to in the specified database. Since the backup file is more readable, the backup file can be modified, such as deleting some records or adding some SQL statements.
- Physical backup recovery
When using physical backup for backup, you can use the following command to restore:
(1) Stop MySQL
service mysql stop
(2) Copy the data file
Copy the backup file to the same path of the original server, overwriting the original data file.
(3) Start MySQL
service mysql start
When using physical backup for recovery, please note: before recovery, you need to stop the MySQL service; after recovery, you need to restart the MySQL service; large database recovery Sometimes, multiple backups and volume backups may be required.
- Binary log recovery
When using binary logs for backup, you can use the following command to restore:
(1) Restore the data before the recovery time point Copy the binary log to the backup server
(2) Use the mysqlbinlog command to parse the binary log
mysqlbinlog -u root -p --start_datetime="2019-01-01 00:00:00" --stop_datetime="2019-01-02 00:00:00" mysql-bin.000001 > backup_file.sql
(3) Import the generated SQL file into the specified database
mysql -u root -p database_name < backup_file.sql
Use binary When restoring logs, you need to pay attention to: the recovery time point needs to be accurately determined; for large databases, multiple backups and restores may be required.
4. Frequently asked questions about data backup and recovery
In the actual backup and recovery process, you may encounter some problems. Here are some common problems and their solutions.
- The backup file is too large
To solve the problem of the backup file being too large, you can use volume backup to solve the problem.
- An error occurred during the recovery process
In response to the problem of recovery errors, you can print out the error log to view it, or extract some backup files for recovery.
- Data Inconsistency
During the data recovery process, data inconsistency may occur. In this case, you can use the mysqldiff tool to compare the two databases, and then use the difference file to make modifications.
5. Summary
Data backup and recovery are an essential part of MySQL development work. Developers should fully realize the importance of data backup and choose appropriate backup and recovery solutions. At the same time, corresponding solutions need to be developed for common problems to ensure the security and reliability of the database.
The above is the detailed content of MySQL development: Sharing experience in data backup and recovery projects. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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