手册
H1>
(PHP 3, PHP 4 >= 4.0.0)
fopen -- 打开文件或URL
描述
int fopen (string filename, string mode [, int use_include_path])
如果filename 以"http://"开始 (大小写不敏感), 则本函数用HTTP 1.0连接打开指定的服务器,这个页面被使用HTTP GET模式来请求,文件指针指向被返回的服务器响应文件的起始处。一个带有请求虚拟主机的基本名字的'Host:'头被发送。
注意,这个文件指针允许你重新找回响应的the body :你不能使用这个函数存取 HTTP 响应头。
在PHP 4.0.5以下不能重定向HTTP句柄。 Because of this, directories must include trailing slashes.
如果filename 以"ftp://"开始 (大小写不敏感),一个指定的ftp连接服务器被打开,返回一个被请求文件的指针。如果这个服务器不支持被动ftp模式,将发失错误。你可以经过ftp任意的为读或写打开文件(但不能两者不能同时)。
如果filename 是 "php://stdin", "php://stdout", 或 "php://stderr"其中之一,则相应的输入输出流将被打开地。 (这是在PHP 3.0.13中引入的;在早期版本中,这个文件名象 "/dev/stdin" 或 "/dev/fd/0"这样去使用来访问输入输出流)。
如果filename 是以别的方式开始的,这个文件将被从文件系统中打开,返回一个打开文件的指针。
如果打开失败,则返回FALSE。
mode 可以为下面任何一个:
'r' - 只读打开,指针指向文件开始;
'r+' - 为读写打开,指针指向文件开始;
'w' - 只写打开,指针指向文件开始,文件大小清零。如果文件不存在,则新建;
'w+' - 为读写打开,指针指向文件开始,文件大小清零。如果文件不存在,则新建;
'a' - 为追加打开,指针指向文件结尾。如果文件不存在,尝试新建;
'a+' - 为读写打开,指针指向文件结尾。如果文件不存在,尝试新建。
注意: mode 可以包含字母 'b'。这仅仅在在系统区分二进制和文本文件才有用。 (i.e. Windows. 它在Unix中是无用的)。如果不需要,它将被忽略。
如果你想在include_path中搜索文件,你可以使用可选的第三个参数并把它设置为"1"。
例1. fopen() 例
$fp = fopen ("/home/rasmus/file.txt", "r");
$fp = fopen ("/home/rasmus/file.gif", "wb");
$fp = fopen ("http://www.php.net/", "r");
$fp = fopen ("ftp://user:password@example.com/", "w");
If you are experiencing problems with reading and writing to files and you're using the server module version of PHP, remember to make sure that the files and directories you're using are accessible to the server process.
On the Windows platform, be careful to escape any backslashes used in the path to the file, or use forward slashes.
$fp = fopen ("c:\\data\\info.txt", "r");
参见 fclose(), fsockopen(), socket_set_timeout(), 和 popen().

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.

Key players in HTTP cache headers include Cache-Control, ETag, and Last-Modified. 1.Cache-Control is used to control caching policies. Example: Cache-Control:max-age=3600,public. 2. ETag verifies resource changes through unique identifiers, example: ETag: "686897696a7c876b7e". 3.Last-Modified indicates the resource's last modification time, example: Last-Modified:Wed,21Oct201507:28:00GMT.

In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.


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