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固定常量
一个常量是一个简单值的标识符(名字)。作为名字,这个值在脚本的执行期间是不可以改变的(魔术的常量__FILE__ 和 __LINE__ 除外)。 缺省一个常量是大小写敏感的。习惯上常量通常是大写的。
在PHP中常量的命名与变量标识符的命名一致。一个有效的常量名是以字母或下划线开始,后面可以是字母符号,数字,或下划线。做正则表达式表示,它将是这样的:[a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*
注意: 一个字母是 a-z, A-Z, 和从127到255(0x7f-0xff)的ASCII字符。
常量的有效范围是全局的。
你可以使用define()函数定义一个常量。一量常量被定义后,它不能被改变或删除。
仅仅是这些类型的数据 (boolean, integer, double and string) 可以被包含在常量中。
你可以简单的通过指定它的名字来获得一个常量的值。不想变量,你不需要考虑带$。 你也可以使用函数constant(),来读一个常量的值,如果你是动态的获得常量的名字。 使用 get_defined_constants() 来获得全部定义的常量的列表。
注意:常量和(全局)变量是在不同的名字空间。这意味着如 TRUE 和$TRUE 通常是不同的。
如果你使用了未定义的常量,PHP将假定这个名字的常量的值就是它自己。 当这发生时,一个错误信息将会出现。如果你想知道一个常量是否已设置,使用 defined()函数。
与变量的不同点:
常量在它们前没有美元符 ($);
常量必须被定义,无论何处存取都不考虑变量的范围规则;
常量一量被定义就不可以重新定义或反定义;
常量可以仅仅是计算的数量值。
例 8-1. 定义常量
define("CONSTANT", "Hello world.");
echo CONSTANT; // 输出 "Hello world."
echo Constant; // 输出 "Constant" and issues a notice.
?>

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