命名变量,函数和类是挺困难的,除了要考虑到变量的名称要易于理解,还要担心是否这个名称在其它某个地方已经使用过. 在一小段脚本中,第二个问题是基本问题. 当你考虑重用你的代码, 在这之后的项目代码必须避免使用你用过的命名. 通常来说,可重用的代码总是包含在函数或类中, 需要处理许多可能发生的命名冲突. 但函数和类之间也可能发生命名冲突. 你可以尝试避免出现这种情况,通过在所有类前添加前缀的方法,或者你可以使用namespace语句.
Namespace关键字给一块代码命名. 在这个代码块外部,脚本必须用操作符::加上命名空间的名称来引用这个代码块. 引用静态的类成员也是用相同的方法. 在命名空间内代码不需要声明命名空间, 它本身就是默认的. 这种方法比添加前缀的方法好. 你的代码可由此变得更加紧凑和可读.
你可能想知道是否可以建立分层的(嵌套的)命名空间. 答案是不可以. 但你可以在命名空间名称后加上冒号, 你可以再次调用在名称中不包含冒号的变量,函数和类. 命名空间允许存在冒号,只要不是第一个字符和最后一个字符或接着另一个冒号. 命名空间的名称中的冒号对于PHP来说没有任何意义, 但如果你用他们来区分逻辑上的区块, 他们可以很好地说明你的代码中的父子(parent-child)关系.
/* 注: 即可以使用这样:
namespace animal:dog {}
namespace animal:pig {}
用冒号来说明parent-child关系.
*/
你可能在一个命名空间语句内没有包含函数,类或常量定义以外的任何东西. 这将阻止你使用他们来改进旧的使用全局变量的函数库. 命名空间最适合于面向对象. 命名空间内的常量与类中的常量使用相同的语法.
例子6.17显示了如何使用命名空间.
Listing 6.17 Using a namespace
namespace core_php:utility
{
class textEngine
{
public function uppercase($text) file://大写
{
return(strtoupper($text));
}
}
//make non-OO interface 建立一个非OO的接口
function uppercase($text)
{
$e = new textEngine;
return($e->uppercase($text));
}
}
//test class in namespace 测试命名空间中的类
$e = new core_php:utility::textEngine;
print($e->uppercase("from object") . "
");
//test function in namespace 测试命名空间中的函数
print(core_php:utility::uppercase("from function") . "
");
//bring class into global namespace 把类导入全局命名空间
import class textEngine from core_php:utility;
$e2 = new textEngine;
?> Import语句把命名空间中的某个部份导入全局的命名空间.
要导入单一的命名空间的成员,可以指定类型为constant,function或class,接着写上成员的名称;
//如import class XXX
如果你想导入某一特定类型的所有成员,你可以用*来代替名称;
//如 import constant * 导入所有常量
如果你想导入所有类型的所有成员,用*即可.
//如 import *
在成员之后,用from关键字加上命名空间的名称.
//如 import class textEngine from core_php:utility;
总之你要写成像import * from myNamespace或 import class textEngine from core_php:utility这样的语句,就像例6.17中那样.

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