Comparative analysis of PHP Session cross-domain and cross-site request forgery

Comparative analysis of PHP Session cross-domain and cross-site request forgery

With the development of the Internet, the security of Web applications has become particularly important. PHP Session is a commonly used authentication and session tracking mechanism when developing web applications, and cross-domain requests and cross-site request forgery (CSRF) are two major security threats. In order to protect the security of user data and applications, developers need to understand the difference between Session cross-domain and CSRF and take corresponding protective measures.

First, let’s understand the definition of Session cross-domain and CSRF. Session cross-domain occurs when users access pages with different domain names in the same browser. Since Session Cookie cannot be shared between different domain names, users cannot share login status and session data under different domain names. CSRF is an attack method in which attackers construct malicious pages or links and pretend to be legitimate users to make requests in order to achieve illegal operations or steal user data.

The difference between Session cross-domain and CSRF is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Attack method: Session cross-domain is a passive attack, and the attacker cannot directly obtain the user's Session Data can only be used to induce users to access pages under different domain names through other means. CSRF is an active attack. The attacker can send requests through malicious pages or links to directly perform intended operations.
2. Scope of impact: Session cross-domain usually only affects the user's session sharing between multiple domain names, and has less impact on the data security of the application. CSRF attacks pose a direct threat to the data integrity and security of the application. The attacker can perform operations as a legitimate user, which may lead to adverse consequences such as voting, purchasing, and changing passwords.
3. Protection measures: To prevent cross-domain Sessions, developers can use cross-domain resource sharing (CORS) or use proxy servers to achieve cross-domain session sharing. Preventing CSRF attacks requires developers to take additional measures, such as using CSRF Token, checking the request source, etc.

Now, let’s look at some specific code examples.

Session cross-domain example:

// file1.php
session_start();
$_SESSION['user_id'] = 1;
$_SESSION['username '] = 'admin';
//Set Session data under the current domain name

// file2.php
session_start();
echo $_SESSION['user_id'];
echo $_SESSION['username'];
// Obtain Session data under different domain names

Solution: You can use a proxy server to forward the request to the correct domain name, or use cross-domain resource sharing (CORS).

CSRF example:

// file1.php
session_start();
$_SESSION['csrf_token'] = bin2hex(random_bytes(16));
echo '6186c951465155ac0b1833b13ed475a6';
echo '87637743e18a4c1f041309e33811116b';
echo 'b97cf5df8b28e4a76caaaadaf8e76d05';
echo '935e8a5b9f2595feadb14b907378ad01' ;
echo 'f5a47148e367a6035fd7a2faa965022e';
// Generate a form, including a hidden CSRF Token field

// update.php
session_start();
if ($_POST['csrf_token'] !== $_SESSION['csrf_token']) {

die('CSRF Token Invalid');

}
// Verify whether the CSRF Token is legal

Solution: Generate a random The CSRF Token is stored in the Session, and the validity of the Token is verified when submitting the form to prevent malicious requests.

When developing web applications, we should comprehensively consider the security issues of Session cross-domain and CSRF, and take corresponding protective measures. Only by ensuring the security of user authentication and session data can the rights and interests of users and applications be protected.

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