How to use collections and generics to improve code efficiency in C# development

How to use collections and generics to improve code efficiency in C# development

In C# development, collections and generics improve code efficiency Important tool. Collections provide a common set of data structures and algorithms, while generics allow us to manipulate data in a more general and type-safe way when writing code. This article will delve into how to use collections and generics to improve code efficiency, and give specific code examples for readers' reference.

1. Collection Framework

In C#, the collection framework provides many classes that implement various data structures, such as List, Dictionary, Set, etc. . We can choose the appropriate collection class to store and operate data according to actual needs.

1. List (List)

A list is an ordered collection of elements that allows us to insert, delete, or access elements at any position. Compared with arrays, the length of a list can be dynamically adjusted and is more flexible. The following is a sample code using a list:

List<string> fruits = new List<string>();
fruits.Add("apple");
fruits.Add("banana");
fruits.Add("orange");

foreach (string fruit in fruits)
{
    Console.WriteLine(fruit);
}

2. Dictionary (Dictionary)

A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs, and we can quickly access the corresponding by key value. Unlike lists, dictionaries are not ordered but have high performance when looking up and inserting. The following is a sample code using a dictionary:

Dictionary<int, string> students = new Dictionary<int, string>();
students.Add(1, "Tom");
students.Add(2, "Jerry");
students.Add(3, "Alice");

foreach (KeyValuePair<int, string> student in students)
{
    Console.WriteLine("ID: " + student.Key + ", Name: " + student.Value);
}

3. Set

A set is an unordered collection without duplicate elements. We can use sets to quickly determine whether elements exist, and support operations between sets, such as intersection, union, difference, etc. The following is a sample code using a collection:

HashSet<string> colors1 = new HashSet<string> { "red", "green", "blue" };
HashSet<string> colors2 = new HashSet<string> { "blue", "yellow", "black" };

// 交集
HashSet<string> intersection = new HashSet<string>(colors1);
intersection.IntersectWith(colors2);

foreach (string color in intersection)
{
    Console.WriteLine(color);
}

2. Generics

Generics are another important tool in C#, which allow us to use a common type when writing code To manipulate data and improve code reusability and readability. Here are some common examples of generics:

1. Generic methods

Generic methods can specify their parameter types when called, for example:

public T Max<T>(T a, T b) where T : IComparable<T>
{
    if (a.CompareTo(b) > 0)
    {
        return a;
    }
    
    return b;
}

int maxInteger = Max<int>(10, 20);
string maxString = Max<string>("abc", "xyz");

2. Generic class

A generic class is a class that does not specify a specific type when it is defined, and the type parameters are specified only when instantiated. For example:

public class Stack<T>
{
    private List<T> items;

    public Stack()
    {
        items = new List<T>();
    }

    public void Push(T item)
    {
        items.Add(item);
    }

    public T Pop()
    {
        T item = items[items.Count - 1];
        items.RemoveAt(items.Count - 1);
        return item;
    }
}

Stack<int> stack = new Stack<int>();
stack.Push(10);
stack.Push(20);
int top = stack.Pop();

By using generics, we can write code without repeatedly implementing similar functions, which improves the reusability and readability of the code.

Conclusion

By using collections and generics, we can greatly improve the efficiency and readability of C# code. Collections provide the implementation of a variety of data structures and algorithms, allowing us to store and manipulate data more conveniently. Generics allow us to manipulate data in a more general and type-safe way when writing code. I hope the code examples in this article can inspire readers and help them write more efficient C# code.

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