PHP-FPM performance optimization practice: improve the response speed and stability of the website

PHP-FPM performance optimization practice: improve the response speed and stability of the website

Abstract:
With the rapid development of the Internet, website performance optimization has become increasingly important. As a commonly used website development language, PHP provides a flexible and fast development process, but it also faces performance bottlenecks. This article will introduce some PHP-FPM performance optimization practices, aiming to improve the response speed and stability of the website. The specific content includes code examples and optimization suggestions, which I hope will be helpful to PHP developers.

1. Understanding PHP-FPM
PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) is a process manager for PHP, used to manage the starting, stopping and destruction of PHP processes. It handles concurrent requests through multiple processes in the process pool, effectively improving the performance of PHP applications.

2. Optimize PHP-FPM configuration

1. Adjust the process pool size
   PHP-FPM’s default process pool configuration may not be suitable for all websites, so we need to adjust it according to the actual situation Make adjustments. This can be achieved by modifying the following parameters in the php-fpm.conf file:
   pm.max_children: The maximum number of child processes allowed in the process pool.
   pm.start_servers: The number of child processes allowed in the process pool at startup.
   pm.min_spare_servers: When the number of idle processes is lower than this value, more child processes will be started.
   pm.max_spare_servers: When the number of idle processes is higher than this value, some child processes will be stopped.
   Configuring these parameters more reasonably can keep the process pool running stably and provide sufficient processing power when needed.
2. Using dynamic resource allocation
   PHP-FPM supports dynamic allocation of processes for each request based on the type of request and resource requirements. By setting up separate process pools for different URL patterns, you can provide different resources for different types of requests. As shown below, configure it in the php-fpm.conf file:

[www]
...
; Set the process pool for static requests
prefix = /static/
pm = static

; Set the process pool for dynamic requests
prefix = /dynamic/
pm = dynamic
...
Adjust these configurations according to the actual situation, you can Avoid unnecessary resource consumption and improve response speed.

3. Enable OPcache
   OPcache is a PHP code caching tool that can cache compiled PHP code in memory to improve the execution speed of PHP scripts. By enabling the OPcache extension, you can reduce the repeated compilation work of PHP-FPM when processing requests, thereby improving performance. Add the following configuration in the php.ini file:

[opcache]
opcache.enable = 1
opcache.enable_cli = 1
opcache.memory_consumption = 128
opcache .interned_strings_buffer = 8
opcache.max_accelerated_files = 4096
opcache.validate_timestamps = 0
opcache.revalidate_freq = 0

3. Optimize code

1. Reduce database queries
   Database queries are one of the common causes of website performance bottlenecks. In PHP code, database queries can be reduced by merging queries, using cache, and optimizing query statements. The specific sample code is as follows:

// Combined query
SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE condition1;
SELECT * FROM table2 WHERE condition2;

// Using cache
if ($data = cache_get('key')) {

return $data;

} else {

$data = db_query('SELECT * FROM table WHERE condition');
cache_set('key', $data);
return $data;

}

// Optimize query statement
SELECT * FROM table WHERE condition LIMIT 1;

2. Avoid repeated loading of code
   PHP-FPM will load PHP code when each child process is started. If some code is loaded repeatedly on every request, consider turning the code into a separate script and have it loaded by the main process at startup. The sample code is as follows:

// Parent process code
require_once 'common.php';

// Child process code
// ...

4. Conclusion
Through the optimized configuration and code optimization of PHP-FPM, the response speed and stability of the website can be effectively improved. However, the specific optimization methods and parameter configurations should be adjusted according to actual needs. Through continuous monitoring and testing, we can gradually find the best configuration and optimization strategies, which can maximize the performance advantages of PHP-FPM and improve the user experience of the website.

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