Essential technologies for Python script operations: Linux platform

Necessary technology for Python script operation: Linux platform, specific code examples are required

Introduction:
In modern software development and data processing, Python has already Became a very popular programming language. On the Linux platform, Python is widely used in fields such as system management, automated scripts, and data analysis. This article will introduce some necessary technologies for Python to operate on the Linux platform and provide specific code examples.

1. File operation

1. Creating files
   Creating files using Python on Linux is very simple. You can use the open() function to create a new file and specify the opening mode as 'w', which is write mode. Here is a sample code for creating a new file:

filename = 'new_file.txt'
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
    f.write('This is a new file created by Python script!')

2. Reading File Contents
   Reading files is also very easy using Python on Linux. You can use the open() function to open a file and specify the opening mode as 'r', which is read mode. The following is a sample code that reads the contents of a file and prints it:

filename = 'file.txt'
with open(filename, 'r') as f:
    content = f.read()
    print(content)

3. Copy, rename and delete files
   Python can also copy files by calling Linux system commands. Rename and delete operations. You can use the subprocess module to execute system commands. The following is some sample code:

import subprocess

# 复制文件
subprocess.call(['cp', 'source.txt', 'destination.txt'])

# 重命名文件
subprocess.call(['mv', 'oldname.txt', 'newname.txt'])

# 删除文件
subprocess.call(['rm', 'file.txt'])

2. Directory operations

1. Creating and deleting directories
   Creating and deleting directories on Linux is equally simple using Python. You can use the mkdir() function of the os module to create a directory, and use the rmdir() function of the os module to delete a directory. Here are some code examples:

import os

# 创建目录
os.mkdir('new_dir')

# 删除目录
os.rmdir('dir_to_delete')

2. Traverse Directory
   On the Linux platform, sometimes it is necessary to traverse all files and subdirectories in a directory. This can be achieved using the walk() function of the os module. The following is a sample code that traverses a directory and prints all file paths:

import os

root = 'path/to/directory/'
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(root):
    for filename in filenames:
        filepath = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
        print(filepath)

3. Process Management
On Linux, Python can execute system commands and manage processes through the subprocess module. The following are some sample codes:

1. Execute system commands
   You can use the call() function of the subprocess module to execute system commands and obtain the command execution results. The following is a sample code that executes a system command and prints the output:

import subprocess

result = subprocess.call(['ls', '-l'])
print(result)

2. Running process in the background
   Sometimes it is necessary to run a long-running process in the background. You can use the Popen() function of the subprocess module to create a process running in the background. The following is a sample code:

import subprocess

# 创建进程
process = subprocess.Popen(['python', 'script.py'], stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, close_fds=True)

# 等待进程结束
process.wait()

4. System Management
On the Linux platform, Python can also implement system management by calling system commands. The following is some sample code:

1. Shutdown and restart
   You can use the call() function of the subprocess module to execute shutdown and restart commands. The following is some sample code:

import subprocess

# 关机
subprocess.call(['sudo', 'shutdown', '-h', 'now'])

# 重启
subprocess.call(['sudo', 'shutdown', '-r', 'now'])

2. View system information
   You can use the check_output() function of the subprocess module to execute the command to view system information. The following is a sample code:

import subprocess

output = subprocess.check_output(['uname', '-a'])
print(output)

Conclusion:
Python is widely used on the Linux platform. Python scripts can easily operate files and directories, manage processes and execute system commands. This article gives some essential techniques for Python to operate on the Linux platform and provides specific code examples. I hope these examples can help readers better understand and apply Python operations on the Linux platform.

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