Just now, the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to attosecond-level light pulses! The fifth female winner in history is born

The winners of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics have just been announced

The winners are Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Kraus and Anne L'Huillier, They won the award for developing a method of generating extremely short pulses of light. This method can be used to measure rapid processes of electron motion or energy changes

Their experiment is of great significance to humanity because it provides us with a completely new tool for Can explore the electronic world inside atoms and molecules

The prize amount is 11 million Swedish krona (approximately 7.15 million yuan), which will be awarded to the three winners equally distributed.

Light experiment, capturing the shortest moment

When humans perceive fast-moving matter, They flow into each other, much like a movie made of still images appears to be in continuous motion.

If we want to investigate truly ephemeral events, we need to use special techniques

In a digital world, the speed at which change occurs It can be done in a few sub-seconds - a period of time so short that the amount of change in one second is comparable to the amount of change in a few seconds since the birth of the universe

Attosecond is the unit of time in the International System of Units, equal to 1×10^(−18) seconds.

The Movement of Electrons

And Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Kraus and Anne L 'Huillier's experiments produced light pulses so short that they could be measured in attoseconds, demonstrating that these pulses could be used to provide images of processes inside atoms and molecules.

In 1987, Anne L'Huillier discovered that when she passed an infrared laser through a noble gas, it produced many different overtones.

Each overtone is a light wave, and each cycle in the laser has a certain number of cycles

They are composed of the laser and the gas caused by the interaction of atoms in . Among them, the laser gives some electrons extra energy, and then these electrons are emitted in the form of light.

Overtone

Anne L'Huillier has been exploring this phenomenon, laying the groundwork for subsequent breakthroughs foundation.

In 2001, Pierre Agostini succeeded in generating a series of continuous light pulses, each of which lasted only 250 attoseconds.

The laser interacts with the atoms in the gas

At the same time, Ferenc K. Rouse is working on another type of experiment that can isolate a single pulse of light lasting 650 attoseconds.

Experimental Setup Example

The winners’ contributions enabled rapid procedures that were previously impossible to follow investigation.

Their contributions have enabled our experiments to reach a speed that was previously unimaginable

Eva Olsson, Chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics, said——

We can now open the door to the electronic world. Attosecond physics gives us the opportunity to understand the mechanisms controlled by electrons. Next, we can take advantage of them.

The three discoveries have potential applications in different fields

In the field of electronics, we can use this A technique to understand and control the behavior of electrons in materials. In medical diagnosis, we can use attosecond pulses to identify different molecules

winner introduction

Pierre Agostini

##Received a PhD from the University of Aix-Marseille, France, in 1968. Currently a professor at Ohio State University in the United States.

After completing his studies at the University of Aix-Marseille, Pierre Agostini became a researcher at the Saclay branch of the French Atomic Energy Commission, where he worked until 2002.

During this period he served as a visiting scholar at the University of Southern California, FOM Amsterdam and BNL. After a series of other visiting scholar positions, he came to Ohio State in 2005 as a professor of physics.

He has won the Joop Los Award from the Dutch OM and the William F. Meggers Award from the OSA in 2007.

In 2008, he was elected as a member of OSA on the grounds that the experiments he led provided important insights into the nonlinear response dynamics of atoms and molecules under intense infrared laser pulses.

Ferenz Kraus

He was born in 1962 Year, birthplace is Mol, Hungary. He received his PhD from the Technical University of Vienna in 1991 and is currently Director of the Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Germany and Professor at the University of Munich

2001, Phelan Kraus and his team have successfully experimentally generated and measured for the first time a single flash of extreme ultraviolet light that is only attoseconds in length.

This achievement marks the beginning of attosecond physics and sets a milestone in the scientific community.

Attosecond-level flash made the ultra-fast movement of electrons clearly visible for the first time. It can be said that the ultra-fast movement of electrons was photographed

For his contributions to attosecond physics, Ferenc Kraus won the Wolf Prize in 2022.

The content that needs to be rewritten is: Anne L'Huillier

## Anne Luye is currently a professor at Lund University in Sweden. Her research field is the interaction between short pulse laser fields and atoms

In 1958, Anne Luye (Anne L'Huillier) was born in Paris, France. In 1986, she received her PhD from the Université Pierre et Marie Curie in France, and in the same year she received a long-term researcher position at the French Atomic Energy Commission. He did postdoctoral research at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden and the University of Southern California in the United States.

In 1993, she came to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory as a visiting scientist

In 1995, she joined Lund University, where he holds the position of Associate Professor. Two years later, in 1997, she was promoted to professor of physics

Since 2004, she has become an academician of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

In 2022, Anne L'Huillier, together with Ferenc Kraus and Paul Corkum, won the Wolf Prize.

The above is the detailed content of Just now, the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to attosecond-level light pulses! The fifth female winner in history is born. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!