How to draw a 3D geographic chart with Python

How to draw 3D geographic charts with Python

Overview:

Drawing 3D geographic charts can help us understand geographic data and spatial distribution more intuitively. Python, as a powerful and easy-to-use programming language, provides many libraries and tools for drawing various types of geographical charts. In this article, we will learn how to draw 3D geographic charts using the Python programming language and some popular libraries such as Matplotlib and Basemap.

Environment preparation:

Before we start, we need to make sure that Python and some necessary libraries have been installed. It is assumed here that you have installed Python 3.

Basemap: Provides geographical information system (GIS) functions for drawing geographical maps.
1. NumPy: Library for numerical calculations and array operations.
3. After installing these libraries, we can start using Python to draw 3D geographical charts.

Step 1: Import the necessary libraries

First, we need to import the necessary libraries. We will use Matplotlib to draw geographic charts, Basemap to process geographic data, and mpl_toolkits.mplot3d to create 3D graphics effects. In addition, we also need to import the NumPy library to handle arrays and numerical calculations.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
import numpy as np

Step 2: Prepare data

Next, we need to prepare some data to draw 3D geographical charts. Here, we use the geographic information system (GIS) function provided by the Basemap library to obtain the geographical coordinate data of a certain area. We then use the NumPy library to generate some random data that will be used to draw 3D graphics.

# 创建一个Basemap对象，设置地图投影和区域范围
m = Basemap(projection='mill',llcrnrlat=20,urcrnrlat=50,
            llcrnrlon=100,urcrnrlon=160,resolution='c')

# 使用Basemap对象来获取某个地区的地理坐标数据
lons, lats = m.makegrid(81, 61)

# 生成一些随机数据
data = np.random.rand(len(lons), len(lats))

Step 3: Draw a 3D geographical chart

Now, we can use Matplotlib and mpl_toolkits.mplot3d to create a 3D geographical chart. First, we create a Figure object and an Axes3D object, and then use the plot_surface method of the Axes3D object to draw 3D graphics.

# 创建一个Figure对象
fig = plt.figure()

# 创建一个Axes3D对象
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# 绘制3D图表
ax.plot_surface(lons, lats, data)

Step 4: Set chart style and display chart

Finally, we can set some chart styles, such as titles, labels and grid lines, etc., and then use the plt.show() method to display the chart.

# 设置图表的样式
ax.set_xlabel('Longitude')
ax.set_ylabel('Latitude')
ax.set_zlabel('Data')
ax.set_title('3D Geographical Chart')

# 显示图表
plt.show()

Full code example:

Here is the complete code example for the above steps:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
import numpy as np

# 创建一个Basemap对象，设置地图投影和区域范围
m = Basemap(projection='mill',llcrnrlat=20,urcrnrlat=50,
            llcrnrlon=100,urcrnrlon=160,resolution='c')

# 使用Basemap对象来获取某个地区的地理坐标数据
lons, lats = m.makegrid(81, 61)

# 生成一些随机数据
data = np.random.rand(len(lons), len(lats))

# 创建一个Figure对象
fig = plt.figure()

# 创建一个Axes3D对象
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# 绘制3D图表
ax.plot_surface(lons, lats, data)

# 设置图表的样式
ax.set_xlabel('Longitude')
ax.set_ylabel('Latitude')
ax.set_zlabel('Data')
ax.set_title('3D Geographical Chart')

# 显示图表
plt.show()

Summary:

By using the Python programming language and some popular Library, we can easily draw various types of 3D geographical charts. The above sample code shows how to use Matplotlib, Basemap and mpl_toolkits.mplot3d library to draw 3D geographical charts. You can adjust the chart's style and settings to suit your needs. Hope this article can help you draw beautiful 3D geographical charts in Python.

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