Web Front-endJS TutorialHow to serialize cookie name-value pairs to Set Cookie header string in JavaScript?How to serialize cookie name-value pairs to Set Cookie header string in JavaScript?
Cookie 允许我们在网络浏览器中存储用户数据，以便快速响应。例如，当用户在任何 Web 应用程序中打开个人资料页面时，网页都会从服务器接收数据。服务器还发送包含要存储在 Web 浏览器中的数据的 cookie。当用户再次访问个人资料页面时，它会从 cookie 中获取数据，而不是从服务器中获取数据以快速加载网页。
要获取数据，浏览器首先查看 cookie，如果没有找到 cookie 中存储的数据，则会向服务器请求。本教程将教我们如何在 JavaScript 中将 cookie 名称-值对序列化为设置的 cookie 标头字符串。
为什么我们需要序列化 cookie 名称-值对？
我们可以将cookie作为键值对存储在浏览器中，并且cookie不接受名称值对中的一些特殊字符，如下所示。
\ " / [ ] ( ) < > ? = { } @ , ; :
所以，我们需要将上面的字符替换为特殊字符的UTF-8编码。例如，我们需要用“%20”转义序列替换空格。
使用encodeURIComponent()方法在JavaScript中序列化cookie
encodeURIComponent() 允许开发人员通过用一个、两个、三个或四个转义序列替换特殊字符来对字符串进行编码。这里，转义序列代表字符的 UTF-8 编码。
语法
用户可以按照下面的语法使用encodeURIComponent()方法对URI进行编码。
encodeURIComponent(key); encodeURIComponent(value);
在上面的语法中，encodeURIComponent()方法分别获取cookies的键和值，并通过用转义序列替换特殊字符来对它们进行编码。
示例
在下面的示例中，我们创建了serializeCookies()函数，该函数将键和值作为参数。之后，我们使用encodeURIComponent()方法分别对键和值进行编码。接下来，我们使用字符串文字来分隔其键值对‘=’字符。
在输出中，我们可以观察到转义序列替换了特殊字符。
<html>
<body>
<h3 id="Using-the-i-encodeURIComponent-i-method-to-serialize-cookies-in-JavaScript">Using the <i> encodeURIComponent() </i> method to serialize cookies in JavaScript</h3>
<div id = "output"> </div>
<script>
let output = document.getElementById('output');
function serializeCookies(key, value) {
let serializeKey = encodeURIComponent(key);
let serializeValue = encodeURIComponent(value);
let serializeCookie = serializeKey + "=" + serializeValue;
return serializeCookie;
}
output.innerHTML += "The key is name, and the value is Shubham Vora. <br>";
output.innerHTML += "After serializing the cookies key-value pair, result is " + serializeCookies("name", "Shubham Vora");
</script>
</body>
</html>
示例
在下面的示例中，我们创建了箭头函数来序列化 cookie。我们编写了单行函数来对键值对进行编码并返回它们。此外，我们在serializeCookies()函数的键值参数中使用了一些更特殊的字符，用户可以在输出中观察到每个特殊字符都有不同的转义序列。
<html>
<body>
<h3 id="Using-the-i-encodeURIComponent-i-method-to-serialize-cookies-with-arrow-functions-in-JavaScript">Using the <i> encodeURIComponent() </i> method to serialize cookies with arrow functions in JavaScript</h3>
<div id = "output"> </div>
<script>
let output = document.getElementById('output');
const serializeCookies = (key, value) =>
`${encodeURIComponent(key)}=${encodeURIComponent(value)}`
output.innerHTML += "The key is key@#$12 and value is Val&^%12#$. <br>";
output.innerHTML += "After serializing the cookies key-value pair, result is " + serializeCookies("key@#$12", "Val&^%12#$");
</script>
</body>
</html>
示例
在下面的示例中，我们创建了两个输入字段。一种是将key作为输入，另一种是将value作为输入。之后，当用户单击提交按钮时，它会调用serializeCookies()函数，该函数访问输入值并使用encodeURIComponent()方法对它们进行编码。
<html>
<body>
<h3 id="Using-the-i-encodeURIComponent-i-method-to-serialize-cookies-in-JavaScript">Using the <i> encodeURIComponent() </i> method to serialize cookies in JavaScript</h3>
<label for = "key"> Enter Key </label>
<input type = "text" id = "key">
<br> <br>
<label for = "Value"> Enter Value </label>
<input type = "text" id = "Value">
<br> <br>
<div id = "output"> </div>
<br>
<button onclick = "serializeCookies()"> Submit </button>
<script>
let output = document.getElementById('output');
function serializeCookies() {
let key = document.getElementById('key').value;
let value = document.getElementById('Value');
output.innerHTML = "The encoded key-value pair is " + `${encodeURIComponent(key)}=${encodeURIComponent(value)}`
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
在本教程中，我们学习了使用encodeURIComponent()方法序列化cookie的键值对。此外，我们还看到了序列化 cookie 的不同示例。在最后一个示例中，用户可以添加自定义输入，并观察 cookie 的编码值。
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