[ Web Service介绍 ]
Web Service就是为了异构系统的通信而产生的,它基本的思想就是使用基于XML的HTTP的远程调用提供一种标准的机制,而省去建立一种新协议的需求。目前进行Web Service通信有两种协议标准,一种是XML-RPC,另外一种是SOAP。XML-RPC比较简单,出现时间比较早,SOAP比较复杂,主要是一些需要稳定、健壮、安全并且复杂交互的时候使用。
PHP中集成了XML-RPC和SOAP两种协议的访问,都是集中在xmlrpc扩展当中。另外,在PHP的PEAR中,不管是PHP 4还是PHP 5,都已经默认集成了XML-RPC扩展,而且该扩展跟xmlrpc扩展无关,能够独立实现XML-RPC的协议交互,如果没有xmlrpc扩展,建议使用PEAR::XML-RPC扩展。
我们这里主要是以XML-RPC来简单描述Web Service的交互过程,部分内容来自PHP手册,更详细内容,建议参考手册。
[ 安装xmlrpc扩展 ]
如果你的系统中没有安装xmlrpc的php扩展,那么请正确安装。
在Windows平台下,首先把PHP安装目录下的扩展php_xmlrpc.dll放到C:\Windows或者C:\Winnt目录下,(PHP4的扩展在C:\php\extensions目录中,PHP5的扩展在C:\php\ext目录中),同时在C:\Windows\php.ini或者C:\Winnt\php.ini中把extension=php_xmlrpc.dll前面的分号";"去掉,然后重启Web服务器后查看phpinfo()有没有XML-RPC项目就能够确定是否已经正确安装xmlrpc扩展。
在Unix/Linux平台下,如果没有安装xmlrpc扩展,请在重新编译PHP,在configure的时候请加入 --with-xmlrpc 选项,然后查看phpinfo()看是否正常安装xmlrpc。
(注意:以下操作都是建立在xmlrpc扩张正常安装前提下,请务必正确安装。)
[ XML-RPC工作原理 ]
XML-RPC大致就是整个过程就是使用XML来进行通信。首先构造一个RPC 服务器端用来出来从RPC客户端传递过来的使用XML封装的请求,并且把处理结果通过XML的形式返回给RPC客户端,客户端就去分析XML获取自己需要的数据。
XML-RPC的服务器端必须有现成的函数提供给客户端调用,并且客户端提交的请求中的函数和方法必须和服务器端的一致,否则将无法获取所需要的结果。
下面我进行简单的代码来描述整个过程。
[ XML-RPC实践 ]
服务器端使用xmlrpc_server_create函数产生一个服务器端,然后把需要需要暴露的RPC调用接口进行注册,接受RPC客户端POST过来的XML数据,然后进行处理,处理结果通过XML的形式显示给客户端。
代码如下: rpc_server.php
/**
* 函数:提供给RPC客户端调用的函数
* 参数:
* $method 客户端需要调用的函数
* $params 客户端需要调用的函数的参数数组
* 返回:返回指定调用结果
*/
function rpc_server_func($method, $params) {
$parameter = $params[0];
if ($parameter == "get")
{
$return = 'This data by get method';
}
else
{
$return = 'Not specify method or params';
}
return $return;
}
//产生一个XML-RPC的服务器端
$xmlrpc_server = xmlrpc_server_create();
//注册一个服务器端调用的方法rpc_server,实际指向的是rpc_server_func函数
xmlrpc_server_register_method($xmlrpc_server, "rpc_server", "rpc_server_func");
//接受客户端POST过来的XML数据
$request = $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA;
//执行调用客户端的XML请求后获取执行结果
$xmlrpc_response = xmlrpc_server_call_method($xmlrpc_server, $request, null);
//把函数处理后的结果XML进行输出
header('Content-Type: text/xml');
echo $xmlrpc_response;
//销毁XML-RPC服务器端资源
xmlrpc_server_destroy($xmlrpc_server);
?>
服务器端构造好了,那么再构造我们的RPC客户端。客户端大致通过Socket访问XML-RPC服务器端的80端口,然后把需要调用的RPC接口封装到XML里,通过POST请求提交给RPC服务器端,最后获取服务器端返回结果。
代码如下:rpc_client.php
/**
* 函数:提供给客户端进行连接XML-RPC服务器端的函数
* 参数:
* $host 需要连接的主机
* $port 连接主机的端口
* $rpc_server XML-RPC服务器端文件
* $request 封装的XML请求信息
* 返回:连接成功成功返回由服务器端返回的XML信息,失败返回false
*/
function rpc_client_call($host, $port, $rpc_server, $request) {
file://打开指定的服务器端
$fp = fsockopen($host, $port);
file://构造需要进行通信的XML-RPC服务器端的查询POST请求信息
$query = "POST $rpc_server HTTP/1.0\nUser_Agent: XML-RPC Client\nHost: ".$host."\nContent-Type: text/xml\nContent-Length: ".strlen($request)."\n\n".$request."\n";
file://把构造好的HTTP协议发送给服务器,失败返回false
if (!fputs($fp, $query, strlen($query)))
{
$errstr = "Write error";
return false;
}
//获取从服务器端返回的所有信息,包括HTTP头和XML信息
$contents = '';
while (!feof($fp))
{
$contents .= fgets($fp);
}
//关闭连接资源后返回获取的内容
fclose($fp);
return $contents;
}
//构造连接RPC服务器端的信息
$host = 'localhost';
$port = 80;
$rpc_server = '/~heiyeluren/rpc_server.php';
//把需要发送的XML请求进行编码成XML,需要调用的方法是rpc_server,参数是get
$request = xmlrpc_encode_request('rpc_server', 'get');
//调用rpc_client_call函数把所有请求发送给XML-RPC服务器端后获取信息
$response = rpc_client_call($host, $port, $rpc_server, $request);
//分析从服务器端返回的XML,去掉HTTP头信息,并且把XML转为PHP能识别的字符串
$split = '';
$xml = explode($split, $response);
$xml = $split . array_pop($xml);
$response = xmlrpc_decode($xml);
//输出从RPC服务器端获取的信息
print_r($response);
?>
大致我们上面的例子就是提交一个叫做rpc_server的方法过去,参数是get,然后获取服务器端的返回,服务器端返回的XML数据是:
那么我们再通过xmlrpc_decode函数把这个XML编码为PHP的字符串,我们就能够随意处理了,整个Web Service交互完成。
[ 结束语 ]
不管是XML-RPC也好,SOAP也罢,只要能够让我们稳定、安全的进行远程过程的调用,完成我们的项目,那么就算整个Web Service就是成功的。另外,如果可以的话,也可以尝试使用PEAR中的XML-RPC来实现上面类似的操作,说不定会更简单,更适合你使用。
简单的使用XML-RPC进行Web Service交互就完成了,部分代码参考PHP手册,想获取详细信息建议参考手册,如果文章有不正确,请指正。

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