接下来我们开始探索更常用的缓存技术,这也是本文的重点部份。首先我们使用PEAR中的cache包。PEAR可以将内容缓存于文件,数据库或者内存中,我们以文件为例。
下面是一个没有使用缓存的PHP小程序:
pear_content_cache1.php
echo "这是内容。<P>";
echo "当前时间是" . date('M-d-Y H:i:s A', time()) . "<BR>";
?>
上面这个程序非常简单,现在我们为其加上缓存。
pear_content_cache2.php
require_once 'Cache/Output.php';
//设置缓存目录,必须是可写的
$cacheDir = './pear_cache';
$cache = new Cache_Output('file',array('cache_dir' => $cacheDir));
//如果nocache变量为空,使用缓存中的内容
//如果想获得最新的内容,就要赋值给nocache变量
if (empty($_REQUEST['nocache']))
{
// 建立一个独一的cache标识
// 请求 Cookie信息
$cache_id = $cache->generateID(array('url' => $_REQUEST,'post' =>$_POST,'cookies' => $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS));
}
else
{
//想获得最新的内容,ID为空
$cache_id = null;
}
//看cache ID对应的缓存内容是否可用
if ($content = $cache->start($cache_id))
{
//缓存已存在,直接输出,并结束脚本
echo $content;
exit();
}
// 缓存中不存在该内容,生成新内容并写入缓存
echo "这是内容。<P>";
echo "当前时间是" . date('M-d-Y H:i:s A', time()) . "<BR>";
// 把内容写入缓存
echo $cache->end();
?>
分别刷新这两个文件,你会发现pear_content_cache1.php中的“当前时间是”这一行中的时间是随着刷新而变化的,而pear_content_cache2.php中的这一行则不变。这是由于pear_content_cache2.php使用了缓存,将用户请求的内容存入静态文件中。当用户再次请求时,它直接从文件中输出,而不需要用程序动态生成内容。
对于pear_content_cache2.php,如果用户想要读取最新的信息,而不是缓存中成旧的信息。那么可以用http://…/pear_content_cache2.php?nocache=1 来访问,这将禁用缓存功能。刷新一下看看,你将发现时间会随之变化。
总结一下PEAR内容缓存类的使用:
1.包含PEAR包 要注意设对路径。
2.包含Output.php中的cache类
3.设置缓存目录
确认这个目录是可写的。Cache数据将会写入这个目录的子目录中。
4.建立一个输出缓存对象
第一个参数表示我们使用基于“文件”方式的缓存,第二个参数是一个与缓存目录相关联的数组。
5.产生一个唯一的cache ID
这里$cache对象的generateID()方法通过提供一个信息数组(URL, HTTP POST data, 和 HTTP cookie)来独一无二地标识这个请求,与其它请求区分开来。
6.增加一个逻辑判断语句看是否对应于cacheID的缓存数据是否已经存在,如果存在,获取数据并结束脚本。
{
echo $content;
exit();
}
7. 将产生内容的代码放在以上逻辑语句之后,并结束使用cache对象。
函数缓存输出 PEAR cache
PEAR除了可以对输出的内容进行缓存处理外,还可以将对某个函数的调用结果缓存起来。这是个很有趣的功能,如果你的程序要频繁使用到某个函数,而且调用的结果相同的话,我建议你不妨试试,特别是当这个函数运行起来比较慢的时候。
下面我们实现对一个执行起来很慢的函数slowFunction()的缓冲调用。
require_once 'Cache/Function.php';
$cacheDir = './pear_cache/';
$cache = new Cache_Function('file',array('cache_dir' => $cacheDir));
$arr = array('苹果', '梨','西瓜');
$cache->call('slowFunction', $arr);
echo '<BR>';
$arr = array('苹果', '梨','西瓜');
slowFunction($arr);
function slowFunction($arr = null)
{
echo "一个执行起来很慢的函数 :( <br>";
echo "当前时间是 " . date('M-d-Y H:i:s A', time()) . '<br>';
foreach ($arr as $fruit)
{
echo "我吃了一个 $fruit <br>";
}
)
?>
以下是示例的脚本执行结果:
一个执行起来很慢的函数
当前时间是 Jul-28-2004 17:15:57 PM
我吃了一个 苹果
我吃了一个 梨
我吃了一个 西瓜
一个执行起来很慢的函数 :(
当前时间是 Jul-28-2004 17:17:55 PM
我吃了一个 苹果
我吃了一个 梨
我吃了一个 西瓜
代码中,Cache/Function.php类用来执行函数缓冲功能。$cache变量是一个Cache_Function对象,使用基于文件的函数缓存,存入$cacheDir目录。要缓存一个函数调,Cache_Function对象$cache的call()方法要像这样使用:$cache->call(‘slowFunction’, $arr);
这里,slowFunction()函数被调用,参数为一个数组$arr,这个函数被缓存在$cacheDir目录下的一个文件里。任何在此之后的对这个函数的调用,将会由$cache->call()返回该函数执行的结果。 函数缓存和使用方法和内容缓存很相似,不再多说,具体请查看PEAR手册。

PHP remains a powerful and widely used tool in modern programming, especially in the field of web development. 1) PHP is easy to use and seamlessly integrated with databases, and is the first choice for many developers. 2) It supports dynamic content generation and object-oriented programming, suitable for quickly creating and maintaining websites. 3) PHP's performance can be improved by caching and optimizing database queries, and its extensive community and rich ecosystem make it still important in today's technology stack.

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Fibers was introduced in PHP8.1, improving concurrent processing capabilities. 1) Fibers is a lightweight concurrency model similar to coroutines. 2) They allow developers to manually control the execution flow of tasks and are suitable for handling I/O-intensive tasks. 3) Using Fibers can write more efficient and responsive code.

The PHP community provides rich resources and support to help developers grow. 1) Resources include official documentation, tutorials, blogs and open source projects such as Laravel and Symfony. 2) Support can be obtained through StackOverflow, Reddit and Slack channels. 3) Development trends can be learned by following RFC. 4) Integration into the community can be achieved through active participation, contribution to code and learning sharing.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and the choice should be based on project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, with simple syntax and high execution efficiency. 2. Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and rich libraries.

PHP is not dying, but constantly adapting and evolving. 1) PHP has undergone multiple version iterations since 1994 to adapt to new technology trends. 2) It is currently widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and other fields. 3) PHP8 introduces JIT compiler and other functions to improve performance and modernization. 4) Use OPcache and follow PSR-12 standards to optimize performance and code quality.

The future of PHP will be achieved by adapting to new technology trends and introducing innovative features: 1) Adapting to cloud computing, containerization and microservice architectures, supporting Docker and Kubernetes; 2) introducing JIT compilers and enumeration types to improve performance and data processing efficiency; 3) Continuously optimize performance and promote best practices.


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