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The following is the decision statement-
The “if” keyword is used to execute a set of statements when a logical condition is true.
if (condition){ Statement (s) }
The following example checks whether a number is greater than 50.
#include<stdio.h> main (){ int a; printf (“enter any number:</p><p>”); scanf (“%d”, &a); if (a>50) printf (“%d is greater than 50”, a); }
1) enter any number: 60 60 is greater than 50 . 2) enter any number 20 no output
if else statement accepts True or False conditions.
if (condition){ True block statement(s) } else{ False block statement(s) }
The following is a program to check odd and even numbers−
#include<stdio.h> main (){ int n; printf (“enter any number:</p><p>”); scanf (“%d”, &n); if (n%2 ==0) printf (“%d is even number”, n); else printf( “%d is odd number”, n); }
1) enter any number: 10 10 is even number
Here the "if" is placed inside another if (or) else-
if (condition1){ if (condition2) stmt1; else stmt2; } else{ if (condition3) stmt3; else stmt4; }
The following example is to print the largest 3 digits of the given number.
#include<stdio.h> main (){ int a,b,c; printf (“enter 3 numbers”); scanf (“%d%d%d”, &a, &b, &c); if (a>b){ if (a>c) printf (“%d is largest”, a); else printf (“%d is largest”, c); } else { if (b>c) printf (“%d is largest”, b); else printf (“%d is largest”, c); } }
enter 3 numbers = 10 20 30 30 is largest
It is a multi-way decision condition.
if (condition1) stmt1; else if (condition2) stmt2; - - - - - - - - - - else if (condition n) stmt n; else stmt x;
The following example finds the roots of a quadratic equation-
#include <math.h> main (){ int a,b,c,d; float r1, r2 printf ("enter the values a b c"); scanf (“%d%d%d”, &a, &b, &c); d= b*b – 4*a*c ; if (d>0){ r1 = (-b+sqrt(d)) / (2*a); r2 = (-b-sqrt(d)) / (2*a); printf (“root1 ,root2 =%f%f”, r1, r2); } else if (d== 0){ r1 = -b / (2*a); r2 = -b/ (2*a); printf (“root1, root2 = %f%f”, r1, r2); } else printf ("roots are imaginary”); }
1) enter the values of a b c : 1 4 3 Root 1 = -1 Root 2 = -3
It helps to select one from multiple decisions.
switch (expression){ case value1 : stmt1; break; case value2 : stmt2; break; - - - - - - default : stmt – x; }
#include<stdio.h> main (){ int n; printf (“enter a number”); scanf (“%d”, &n); switch (n){ case 0 : printf (“zero”) break; case 1 : printf (‘one”); break; default : printf (‘wrong choice”); } }
enter a number 1 One
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