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How to use CSS Viewport units vw and vmin to adapt layout to different screen widths

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Sep 13, 2023 am 10:58 AM

css viewportvw unitvmin unit

如何使用 CSS Viewport 单位 vw 和 vmin 来实现适应不同屏幕宽度布局

How to use CSS Viewport units vw and vmin to implement layouts that adapt to different screen widths

With the popularity of mobile devices, responsive design has become the standard for today's web design one. Ensuring good presentation of web content becomes particularly important across different screen sizes and resolutions. The CSS Viewport units vw (viewport width unit) and vmin (the smaller unit of viewport width and height) can help us achieve the goal of adapting layout to different screen widths.

Use vw units for layout
Viewport (viewport) refers to the area where the user actually browses the web page in the browser. The vw unit is relative to the viewport width, with 1vw equal to 1% of the viewport width. By using vw units we can resize elements based on the width of the viewport.

For example, we can set the width of an element to half the width of the viewport:

.element {
  width: 50vw;
}

With a viewport width of 1000px, the width of the element will be 500px.

Use vmin units for layout
In addition to vw units, we can also use vmin units to adjust the size of elements based on the smaller of the width and height of the viewport. This is useful for implementing square or elements with a fixed aspect ratio.

For example, we can set the width and height of an element to 20% of the smaller of the viewport width and height:

.element {
  width: 20vmin;
  height: 20vmin;
}

If the viewport width is 1000px and the height is 800px , then the element's width and height will both be 160px.

Example of using vw and vmin units to implement layout that adapts to different screen widths
The following is an example showing how to use vw and vmin units to implement layout that adapts to different screen widths:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <style>
    .container {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
    }
    
    .box {
      width: 20vmin;
      height: 20vmin;
      background-color: orange;
      margin: 5px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="container">
    <div class="box"></div>
    <div class="box"></div>
    <div class="box"></div>
    <div class="box"></div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>

In In the above example, we used a container div and placed four box divs in a row with 5px spacing between them. The width and height of the box are both 20% of the smaller of the viewport width and height. This means that the boxes will fit proportionally regardless of screen width.

Summary
CSS Viewport units vw and vmin can help us achieve the goal of adapting to different screen width layouts when designing web pages. By using these units, we can adjust the size and layout of elements based on the dimensions of the viewport, enabling responsive design. Whether the user is using a large screen monitor, a laptop or a mobile device, we ensure that your web content looks beautiful and well presented.

Note: When using vw and vmin units, you need to consider the compatibility issues of different browsers to ensure correct display on various devices.

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