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How to create a testable MVC application using the PHP8 framework

王林Original: 2023-09-11 14:39:16904browse

With the rapid development of the Internet and the growing demand for web applications, object-oriented programming (OOP) ) and Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture have become a trend in designing and developing high-quality applications. As a powerful web programming language, PHP has a wealth of frameworks for developers to choose from. This article will focus on how to use the latest PHP8 framework to create testable MVC applications.

Step One: Install and Configure PHP8

First, you need to install PHP8 in your development environment. You can download the latest version of PHP from the official PHP website (https://www.php.net/downloads.php) and follow the installation instructions to install it. After installation, you need to configure the path and extensions of PHP and make sure they are in your environment variables. This will allow you to use PHP from the command line.

Step 2: Choose the right framework

There are many excellent PHP frameworks on the market to choose from, such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter. Depending on your project needs and personal preferences, you can choose the framework that works for you. In this article, we will use the Laravel framework as an example as it is one of the most popular PHP frameworks out there and is ideal for creating testable MVC applications.

Step 3: Install the Laravel framework

Run the following command in the command line. You can use Composer (PHP's dependency management tool) to install the Laravel framework globally:

composer global require laravel/installer

Installation Once completed, you can create a new Laravel project using the following command:

laravel new myapp

This will create a new Laravel project named "myapp" in the current directory. Then, enter the directory:

cd myapp

Step 4: Create and configure the MVC structure

The Laravel framework has already integrated the MVC architecture, so we only need to create the relevant files. Within the app folder you will find folders named "Models", "Views" and "Controllers". You can create corresponding model, view, and controller files in these folders.

In the "Models" folder, you can define the data model, such as User.php:

<?php

namespace AppModels;

use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;

class User extends Model
{
    protected $table = 'users';
}

In the "Views" folder, you can create the view file, such as welcome.blade .php:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Welcome</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>Welcome to my app!</h1>
    </body>
</html>

In the "Controllers" folder, you can define controllers, such as UserController.php:

<?php

namespace AppHttpControllers;

use AppModelsUser;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $users = User::all();

        return view('welcome', ['users' => $users]);
    }
}

Step 5: Configure routing

Open routes web.php file in the folder, you can define the routes for your application:

<?php

use AppHttpControllersUserController;
use IlluminateSupportFacadesRoute;

Route::get('/', [UserController::class, 'index']);

In the above example, we bind the root URL ("/") with the index method of the UserController. When the root URL is accessed When, the index method of UserController will be called.

Step Six: Start the Server

In the project root directory, run the following command to start the built-in PHP development server:

php -S localhost:8000 -t public

Now, you can Visit http://localhost:8000 and you should see a welcome page.

Step Seven: Write and Run Tests

Now that we have created a testable MVC application, we will write and run tests to verify that the functionality works as expected.

In the project root directory, run the following command to generate a test file:

php artisan make:test UserControllerTest

Then, open the generated test file tests/Feature/UserControllerTest.php and write the test method:

<?php

namespace TestsFeature;

use AppModelsUser;
use IlluminateFoundationTestingRefreshDatabase;
use TestsTestCase;

class UserControllerTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    public function testIndex()
    {
        $user = User::factory()->create();

        $response = $this->get('/');

        $response->assertSee($user->name);
    }
}

In the above example, we use the assertion method provided by PHPUnit to verify whether the user's name can be seen in the welcome page.

Finally, run the following command to execute the test:

php artisan test

If all goes well, the test should pass and print a successful result.

Conclusion

By using PHP8 and the Laravel framework, you can easily create testable MVC applications. Take full advantage of the MVC architecture and separate different parts of the application to make the code easier to maintain and test. I hope this article can help you understand and apply this knowledge to improve your development efficiency and code quality.

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