揭露 PHP 应用程序中出现的五个常见数据库问题 —— 包括数据库模式设计、数据库访问和使用数据库的业务逻辑代码 —— 以及它们的解决方案。
如果只有一种 方式使用数据库是正确的……
您可以用很多的方式创建数据库设计、数据库访问和基于数据库的 PHP 业务逻辑代码,但最终一般以错误告终。本文说明了数据库设计和访问数据库的 PHP 代码中出现的五个常见问题,以及在遇到这些问题时如何修复它们。
问题 1:直接使用 MySQL
一个常见问题是较老的 PHP 代码直接使用 <font face="新宋体">mysql_</font>
函数来访问数据库。清单 1 展示了如何直接访问数据库。
清单 1. Access/get.php
<?php function get_user_id( $name ) { $db = mysql_connect( 'localhost', 'root', 'password' ); mysql_select_db( 'users' ); $res = mysql_query( "SELECT id FROM users WHERE login='".$name."'" ); while( $row = mysql_fetch_array( $res ) ) { $id = $row[0]; } return $id; } var_dump( get_user_id( 'jack' ) ); ?> |
注意使用了 <font face="新宋体">mysql_connect</font>
函数来访问数据库。还要注意查询,其中使用字符串连接来向查询添加 <font face="新宋体">$name</font>
参数。
该技术有两个很好的替代方案:PEAR DB 模块和 PHP Data Objects (PDO) 类。两者都从特定数据库选择提供抽象。因此,您的代码无需太多调整就可以在 IBM® DB2®、MySQL、PostgreSQL 或者您想要连接到的任何其他数据库上运行。
使用 PEAR DB 模块和 PDO 抽象层的另一个价值在于您可以在 SQL 语句中使用 <font face="新宋体">?</font>
操作符。这样做可使 SQL 更加易于维护,且可使您的应用程序免受 SQL 注入攻击。
使用 PEAR DB 的替代代码如下所示。
清单 2. Access/get_good.php
<?php require_once("DB.php"); function get_user_id( $name ) { $dsn = 'mysql://root:password@localhost/users'; $db =& DB::Connect( $dsn, array() ); if (PEAR::isError($db)) { die($db->getMessage()); } $res = $db->query( 'SELECT id FROM users WHERE login=?', array( $name ) ); $id = null; while( $res->fetchInto( $row ) ) { $id = $row[0]; } return $id; } var_dump( get_user_id( 'jack' ) ); ?> |
注意,所有直接用到 MySQL 的地方都消除了,只有 <font face="新宋体">$dsn</font>
中的数据库连接字符串除外。此外,我们通过 <font face="新宋体">?</font>
操作符在 SQL 中使用 <font face="新宋体">$name</font>
变量。然后,查询的数据通过 <font face="新宋体">query()</font>
方法末尾的 <font face="新宋体">array</font>
被发送进来。

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


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