Detailed explanation of PHP8 new features and underlying development principles: The ultimate guide to optimizing application performance

Detailed explanation of new features and underlying development principles of PHP8: The ultimate guide to optimizing application performance

Introduction: In today's Internet era, performance optimization of websites and applications has become What developers must focus on. PHP, as a popular server-side scripting language, is widely used in web development. For PHP developers, understanding the new features and underlying development principles of PHP8 will help optimize application performance. This article will explore the new features and underlying development principles of PHP8 through a detailed introduction and code examples.

1. New features of PHP8

1. JIT compiler: PHP8 introduces the JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler, which can convert PHP code into Native machine code to improve execution efficiency. Here is a simple example:

   <?php
   declare(strict_types=1);
   
   function fibonacci(int $n): int
   {
    if ($n <= 1) {
        return $n;
    }
    return fibonacci($n - 1) + fibonacci($n - 2);
   }
   
   var_dump(fibonacci(10));
   ?>

2. Changes in function parameter type declarations: PHP8 allows more precise type declarations for function parameters, including explicit ones from scalar types to object and interface types Convert. The sample code is as follows:

   <?php
   class Foo {}
   
   function bar(Foo $foo) {
    var_dump($foo);
   }
   
   bar(new Foo());
   ?>

3. Union type: PHP8 adds a new Union type, allowing multiple possible types to be specified in function parameters, attributes and return values. The following is an example:

   <?php
   class Foo {}
   
   class Bar {}
   
   function baz(Foo|Bar $obj): void {
    var_dump($obj);
   }
   
   baz(new Foo());
   baz(new Bar());
   ?>

2. Underlying development principle

1. Zend engine: The core of PHP is driven by the Zend engine, which converts PHP code into Executable instruction set. It includes components such as Zend syntax parser, intermediate code generator and execution engine.
2. Memory management: PHP's memory management is carried out through reference counting. When a variable is referenced, the reference count is incremented by 1, and when the reference relationship is broken, the reference count is decremented by 1. When the reference count reaches 0, the memory is released.
3. opcode caching: The PHP runtime uses opcode to execute code instead of directly interpreting PHP source code. Opcodes can be cached to avoid compilation every time they are executed. Common opcode caches include APC, OPcache, etc.
4. JIT compiler: The JIT compiler is an important feature introduced in PHP8. It can convert hot code into native machine code, making execution faster. The design principle of the JIT compiler is based on Trace Tree technology, which can analyze and optimize the entire call stack.

3. Guidelines for optimizing application performance

1. Using OPcache: Turning on and configuring OPcache can reduce the number of code compilations and improve PHP execution performance.
2. Use global variables with caution: Global variables will reduce the readability and maintainability of the code, and may cause naming conflicts and performance issues. Local variables should be used first.
3. Use appropriate data structures: Choosing appropriate data structures according to actual needs, such as arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, etc., can improve data reading and writing efficiency.
4. Avoid excessive function calls: Function calls will increase the execution time of the code, so excessive function calls should be avoided as much as possible. Some commonly used code segments can be directly embedded into the calling point.
5. Make good use of cache: Use cache to store results and avoid repeated calculations, which can greatly improve program performance.

Conclusion: This article introduces the new features and underlying development principles of PHP8, including the JIT compiler, changes in function parameter type declarations, Union types, etc. Understanding these new features and underlying principles is of great significance for optimizing application performance. Through optimization techniques such as OPcache, rational use of data structures, and reduction of function calls, application performance can be further improved. I hope this article can provide some guidance and help for PHP developers to achieve efficient and stable applications.

Reference:

1. PHP.net (https://www.php.net/)
2. PHP 8 Documentation (https://www.php .net/releases/8.0/en.php)

The above is the detailed content of Detailed explanation of PHP8 new features and underlying development principles: The ultimate guide to optimizing application performance. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!