How to avoid common mistakes in PHP development

How to avoid common mistakes in PHP development

Introduction:
In PHP development, we often encounter some common mistakes. These errors can lead to abnormal program functionality, poor performance, or even security vulnerabilities. To avoid these mistakes, this article will cover some common mistakes and how to avoid them in PHP development. This article will give some code examples to explain better.

1. Prevent SQL injection attacks

SQL injection attacks are a common form of network attack, which cause database leaks or directly attack the database by injecting malicious code into SQL queries. Here are some best practices to prevent SQL injection attacks:

1.1 Use parameterized queries or prepared statements:

$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "username", "password", "database");
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("s", $username);
$stmt->execute();

1.2 Use secure filtering functions:

$username = mysqli_real_escape_string($conn, $_POST['username']);
$password = hash('sha256', $_POST['password']);

2. Prevent cross-site scripting attacks (XSS)

Cross-site scripting attacks are attacks that obtain sensitive information or perform malicious operations by inserting malicious scripts into web applications. Here are some best practices to prevent XSS attacks:

2.1 Filter and validate user input:

$username = htmlspecialchars($_POST['username'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
$email = filter_var($_POST['email'], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);

2.2 Use secure output functions:

echo htmlentities($output, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');

3. Avoid errors Error handling

In PHP development, error handling is very important. Improper error handling may lead to the leakage of sensitive information or cause program anomalies. The following are some correct error handling methods:

3.1 Use error reporting settings:

ini_set('display_errors', 0);
error_reporting(E_ALL);

3.2 Use custom error handling functions:

function customError($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline) {
  // 处理错误的代码
}
set_error_handler("customError");

4. Pay attention to password security

Password security is an important issue that any web application must pay attention to. Here are some best practices for password security:

4.1 Use secure hashing algorithms:

$password = password_hash($_POST['password'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT);

4.2 Set password policy requirements:

$minimum_password_length = 8;
$require_uppercase = true;
$require_lowercase = true;
$require_numbers = true;

5. Use the latest PHP version

Using the latest PHP version ensures that you are using the latest features, bug fixes, and security patches. At the same time, updating the PHP version can also improve performance and stability.

Conclusion:
In PHP development, it is very important to avoid common mistakes. These errors can be effectively avoided by adopting some best practices, such as preventing SQL injection attacks, preventing XSS attacks, handling errors correctly, paying attention to password security, and updating PHP versions. I hope the code examples and practical suggestions in this article can help you better avoid common mistakes in PHP development.

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