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    数据类型种类
整形:可以有十进制和十六进制表示
符点形:浮点数由一个数字加一个小数点再加上一个数字组成。两个数字序列不能同时为空。
字符串:由单引号或者双引号括起来的字符或者数字,字符串中要用转义字符才能表示的特殊符号。
日期和时间的值:列如 2005-05-30 12:30:25  日期是按年-月-日
NUUL值:是一种无类型的值,表示“空,什么也没有”。
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mysql -h主机名 -u用户名 -p密码 //mysql登陆运行命令

DML数据操作语言
  select  查询 select 字段名,字段名, ... (*) from 表名 where 子句
    查询 select 字段名,字段名, ... (*) from 表名 where 子句  单价》500 的 limit 3 前3条
    select *from kehu,yewuyuan where ye_id=ke_id;查询所属业务员客户的ID
  insert  插入 insert into badwolf (bad_id,bad_name) values(3,'badbird');  插入
  update  修改 update badwolf(表名) set bad_name(列名)='badwolf';
         updata badwolf(表名) set bad_name列名='alex'值 where bad_name='badbird';   
  delete  删除 delete from badwolf(表明) where bad_id=2;
DCL数据控制语言
  grant  控制存取许可
  revoke  存取权限
ddl数据定义语言
  create table 创建数据表   create table 库名;
  drop table   数据库对象
  alter table  定义其列
mysql输入一个语句结尾时,末尾要有;号。->意为本语句没有输完 等待继续输入。\c用来取消输入。
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    数值类型
TINYTIN 非常小的整数      BIGINT 大整数
SMALLINT 较小的整数      FLOAT 单精度浮点数
MEDIUMINT 中等大小的整数    DOUBLE 双精度浮点数
INT 标准整数        DECIMAL 一个串的浮点数
CHAR 定长字符串        VARCHAR可变长字符串
TINYBLOB 非常小的BLOB      BLOB 小BLOB
MEDIUMBLOB 中等BOLB      LONGBLOB 大BLOB
TINYTEXT 非常小的文本串      TEXT 小文本串
MEDIUMTEXT 中等文本      LONGTEXT 大文本串
ENUM    枚举:列可赋予某个枚举成员
SET    集合:列可赋予多个集合成员

auto_increment 自动标识列
对于想使用此属性的列应该定义为NOT NULL,并定义为PRIMARY KEY 或者定义为UNIQUE键。
unsigned无符号,此属性禁用负值,是将数值的取值范围从零开始,即前移了取值范围而已.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    创建数据库
create database 库名;   创建一个指定名称的数据库
例如:create database book;   创建了一个名为book的数据库

show database  列出服务器中可用的的数据库
show table   显示数据库的清单

use 库名    选择使用数据库 例如:use book;

not null 非空     primary key 主键     auto_increment 自增

    常见的完整性约束
primary key 主码约束(主键)   主码就是主关键字,能唯一标示字段属性
unique  唯一约束    在一个字段或者一组字段里数据与表中其它行的数据相比是唯一的 
not null 非空值约束
auto_increment 整数列自增1
default_value  默认值约束

    显示结构操作
database 表名
desc 表名

    删除数据库或表操作
drop table 表名  删除表  drop table if exists badbird;加if exists 删除不存在表名不会出错
drop database 库名   删除库 同上加if exists不会出错
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    更改表结构操作

语法:alter table 表名 action; 
说明:action 可以是如下语句:
add 列名  [first | after 列名]
add primary key (列名)为表添加一个主键,如果主键已经存在,则出现错误
alter 列名 set default 默认值     可以更改指定列默认值
----------------------------------------------------------
later table 表名 add 插如列的名 varchar(属性)      first(之前)|after(之后)  增加列名
change 旧列名 新列名  [first | after 列名]
  可以更改列类型和列名称,如果原列的名字和新列的名字相同,则change和modify的作用相同
-----------------------------------------------------------
modify 列名  [first | after 列名]
更改列属性:alter table badbird(表名) badtitle(列) modif varchar(属性);
更改列名:alter table badbird(表名) change badtitle(列) bad_sad(改的名) varchar(属性) not null(no 空);
drop 列名         //可以删除一列
drop primary key        //可以删除主键
drop index index_name;  //可以删除索引
删除列:alter table badbird(表名) drop badtitle;
rename as 新表名       //可以将表名更改
更改表名:alter table badbird(表名) rename badwolf(表名);

    插入记录操作
语法:  
  insert into 表名(字段名,字段名, ... ) values(字段值,字段值,...);
例如:insert into badwolf (bad_id,bad_name) values(3,'badbird');  插入
如果表名后面没写字段名,则默认是向所有的字段添加值,另外字符串值应该用‘ '或“ ”引号括起来
多条添加:insert into badwolf values(1,'badbird'),(2,'badbird'),(4,'badbird');

    更改记录操作
语法:
  update 表名 set 列名=数据值 where 子句;
例如:update badwolf(表名) set bad_name(列名)='badwolf';
------------------------------------------------------------------
where 子句是判断语句,用来设定条件,限制只更新匹配的行,如果不带where子句,则更新所有行数据
删除记录操作 语法:  delete from 表名 where子句;
例如:delete from badwolf(表明) where bad_id=2;  判断删除所有id=2的值 判断条件可以附加
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