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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialphp学习 面向对象 课件_PHP

  对象的主要三个特性
对象的行为:可以对 对象施加那些操作,开灯,关灯就是行为。
对象的形态:当施加那些方法是对象如何响应,颜色,尺寸,外型。
对象的表示:对象的表示就相当于身份证,具体区分在相同的行为与状态下有什么不同。

    面向对象模型
面向对象的概念:
oop(面向对象的编程)它能是其代码更加简洁易于维护并且具有更强的可重性
什么是类:
类是具有相同属性和服务的一组对象的集合比如说人,书,轮船,车都属于类,他为属于该类的对象做了一个统一的抽象描述,在编程的语言中类是一个单独的程序,它应该有一个类名包括属性的说明和服务两个部分。
什么是对象:
对象是系统中描述客观事件的一个实体,他是构成系统的一个基本单位。*数据与代码都被捆绑在一个实体当中*,一个对象由一组属性和对这组属性进行操作的一组行为组成。
从抽象的角度来说,对象是问题域或实现域中某些事物的一个抽象。他反映该事物在系统中保存的信息和发挥的作用:它是一组属性和有权对这些属性进行操作的一个封装体。客观世界是由对象和对象之间的联系组成的。
类和对象的关系:
类与对象的关系就如模具和铸件的关系,类的实力化的结果就是对象,而对对象的抽象就是类,类描述了一组有相同特性(属性)和相同行为的对象。

    类与属性和方法
PHP中定义类语法格式:
  class classname  [可选属性]{ 
   public $property [=value];...    //用public声明一个公共标识 然后给予一个变量 变量也可以赋值

   function functionname ( args ){  //类的方法里的成员函数
    代码} ...
    //类的方法(成员函数)
  }
生成对象(类的实例化): $对象名=new classname( );

    使用对象的属性
在一个类中,可以访问一个特殊指针$this当在该类中通过一个操作设置或访问该变量时,使用$this->name来引用.
    对象的生成
定义好类后用一个new来声明,由于对象资料的封装特性,对象是无法由主程序区块直接访问的须通过对象来调用类中所定义的属性和行为函数,间接地达成存取控制类中资料的目的。

    对象和类的关系
对象和类的关系:
对象是实际存在的,占有动态资源。
类是对象的蓝图,可能占有静态资源。
对象属性占有动态资源
类(静态)属性实际上是有类名字空间上的“全局变量”
性能考虑:
每个对象要单独占用数据空间
增加的调用层次可能消耗执行时间
    方法的参数形式和传递方式
方法的参数可以是基本数据类型、数组和类对象。
    基本数据类型:值参传递
    数组:值参传递
    类对象:引用传递

    构造函数
构造函数是在类中起到初始化的作用
构造函数的生成方法与其他函数一样只是其名称必须是__construct().
语法格式:function __construct(参数){
    。。。。。。。。
  }
范例:
  class Person{
    public $name;
    public $sex;
    public $age;
    function __construct($name,$sex,$age){
      echo "我是构造函数
";
      $this->name=$name;
      $this->sex=$sex;
      $this->age=$age;
    }
输出结果:初始化
    析构函数
当对象脱离其作用域时(例如对象所在的函数已调用完毕),系统自动执行析构函数。应在退出前在析构函数中用释放内存。
析构函数__destruct 析构函数没有任何参数
范例:class person{
  function   _ _destruct( )
  {     echo "bye bye !“;  }
  }
  $a=new person();

    访问类型
public  公共的(公共修饰符) 类内部与类外部都可以访问的
private  私有的(私有修饰符) 只能在类内部访问
protected 受保护的(保护成员修饰符) 子类可以访问 类外部不可以访问

    oop的三个重要特性
封装,继承,多态
封装性:封装性就是把对象的属性和行为结合成一个独立的单位。
封装一个类需要两步 第一步是私有化一个类 第二步是用set和get 做出读取赋值的操作
他的好处是:隐藏类的实现细节,可以方便加入逻辑控制性,限制对属性的不合理操作,便于修改增强代码的可维护性。

    __get与__set
一般说把类私有话更符合现实的逻辑。
预定义两种函数来进行获取与敷值操作。
__get  获取值通常是域的值
__set  设置值通常是域的值
__call  调用一个对象中不存在的方法时,就会产生错误call()这个方法来处理这种情况。

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