Flexible expansion of database capabilities: cost-benefit analysis of MySQL master-slave replication as a cluster technology

Flexibly expand database capabilities: Cost-benefit analysis of MySQL master-slave replication as a cluster technology

With the rapid development of the Internet, the storage and processing pressure of the database has also become getting bigger. In order to meet business needs, many companies have begun to seek a way to flexibly expand database capabilities. In this process, MySQL master-slave replication is widely used as a common cluster technology. This article will analyze MySQL master-slave replication from a cost-benefit perspective and attach relevant code examples.

MySQL master-slave replication is a database replication technology based on binary logs. Data replication and distribution are achieved by copying the operation log of a master database to one or more slave databases. This technology can improve the read and write performance of the database and increase the availability and reliability of data.

First, let’s take a look at the cost of MySQL master-slave replication.

1. Hardware Cost
   When using MySQL master-slave replication, we need additional hardware equipment to build the slave server. This includes servers, storage devices, network equipment, etc. Compared with building a new independent database server, the cost of building a slave server is much lower. Because the slave server only needs to be responsible for read operations, the performance requirements and data storage requirements are relatively low.
2. Software Cost
   In terms of software costs, there are no additional costs for MySQL master-slave replication. The MySQL database comes with a master-slave replication function, and only simple configuration is required to achieve master-slave replication.

Next, let’s take a look at the benefits of MySQL master-slave replication.

1. Read and write performance improvement
   Through MySQL master-slave replication, we can distribute read operations to the slave server, thereby achieving horizontal expansion of the database. The master server is responsible for writing operations, and the slave server is responsible for reading operations, which can effectively improve the read and write performance of the database. When users have a lot of read operations, the number of slave servers can be increased to meet demand.
2. Improved data availability and reliability
   Due to the characteristics of master-slave replication, even if the master server fails, the slave server can still continue to provide services, thus improving the availability of the database. At the same time, through data replication from multiple slave servers, data backup and redundant storage can be achieved, improving data reliability.

The following is an example that shows how to use MySQL master-slave replication to build a database cluster.

First, configure on the master server:

# 在主服务器上开启二进制日志
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.log
server_id = 1

Then, configure on the slave server:

# 从服务器开启复制
server_id = 2
relay_log = /var/lib/mysql/relaylog/relay-log
log_slave_updates = 1
replicate_do_db = mydb

Finally, create a log on the master server to copy the log to Account of the slave server:

# 创建账号并授权
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replication_user'@'slave_ip' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

After completing the configuration, start the MySQL service on the slave server, and then execute the following command on the master server:

# 获取主服务器的二进制日志文件和位置
SHOW MASTER STATUS;

Next, return to the slave server and execute the following Command to connect to the main server and start replication:

# 连接主服务器并开始复制
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='master_ip', MASTER_USER='replication_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='password', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=1234;
START SLAVE;

Through the above steps, we have successfully built a database cluster based on MySQL master-slave replication.

In summary, MySQL master-slave replication, as a cluster technology that flexibly expands database capabilities, has lower costs and higher benefits. Through simple configuration and deployment, the read and write performance of the database and the availability of data can be improved. In scenarios where a large number of read operations need to be satisfied, using MySQL master-slave replication is an option worth considering.

(Please see the original text for code examples)

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