Learn C++ development and create customized PHP7/8 extensions

Learn C development and create customized PHP7/8 extensions

Introduction:

With the rapid development of the Internet and software industry, PHP as A simple and easy-to-learn scripting language that is widely used in web development. However, there is still a certain gap between PHP's performance and C, especially when processing large amounts of data and complex algorithms. In order to improve the performance of PHP, we can use C language to write PHP extensions, implement some high-performance functional modules in C, and then call them through PHP. This article will introduce how to learn C development and use C to develop customized PHP extensions to improve the performance of PHP applications.

1. C development environment setup

Before starting C development, we need to set up a C development environment. First, we need to install a C compiler, GCC is recommended. Secondly, we need an integrated development environment (IDE), you can choose Code::Blocks, Visual Studio, etc. Finally, we need to configure the relevant settings of the compiler and IDE to ensure that C code can be compiled and run normally.

2. Learn the basic knowledge of C language

Before starting C development, we need to master some basic knowledge of C language. C is an object-oriented language with many features such as classes, inheritance, polymorphism, etc. We need to learn C's basic concepts such as syntax rules, data types, flow control, functions, and pointers. In addition, you also need to understand C's standard library, including commonly used containers, algorithms, input and output, etc.

3. Learn the basics of PHP extension development

Before proceeding with C development, we also need to learn the basic knowledge of PHP extension development. PHP provides a rich extension API, and extensions can be written in C language or C language. We need to learn how to write PHP extension functions, macro definitions, classes, constants, etc., and understand the compilation and installation process of PHP extensions. In addition, you also need to learn the debugging methods of PHP extensions to facilitate the development and debugging of our custom extensions.

4. Use C to develop customized PHP extensions

After we master the basic knowledge of C and PHP extension development, we can start to use C to develop customized PHP extensions. The following is a simple example to demonstrate how to use C to develop PHP extensions.

First, create a new extension project in the PHP extension development environment, and create a source file named example.cpp in the root directory of the project.

#include <phpcpp.h>

Php::Value hello(Php::Parameters& params)
{
    std::string name = params[0].stringValue();
    return "Hello, " + name + "!";
}

extern "C" {
    PHPCPP_EXPORT void *get_module()
    {
        static Php::Extension extension("example", "1.0");
        extension.add("hello", hello);
        return extension;
    }
}

In the above code, we use Php::Value to define a function hello, obtain parameters through Php::Parameters, and return a string. Then, we export the extension as an interface called by C language through extern "C". Finally, an extension named example is created in the get_module function and the hello function is registered.

Next, we need to write a script file named config.m4 to configure our extended compilation parameters.

PHP_ARG_ENABLE(example, whether to enable Example support,
[  --enable-example           Enable Example extension support])

if test "$PHP_EXAMPLE" != "no"; then
    PHP_REQUIRE_CXX()
    PHP_SUBST(EXAMPLE_SHARED_LIBADD)
    PHP_ADD_LIBRARY(stdc++, 1, EXAMPLE_SHARED_LIBADD)
    PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(example, example.cpp, $ext_shared)
fi

In the above code, we define our extension through PHP_ARG_ENABLE and PHP_NEW_EXTENSION, and specify the source file and compilation parameters.

Then, we need to use PHP's configure script to generate the Makefile required for compilation. Execute the following command in the root directory of the PHP extension project:

phpize
./configure --enable-example

Next, we can use the make command to compile and install our extension:

make
make install

Finally, add the following to the PHP configuration file Configuration item, enable our extension:

extension=example.so

Now, we can use our extension in PHP code:

<?php
echo hello("World");
?>

Summary:

By learning C development, we You can use C to write high-performance PHP extensions to improve the performance of PHP applications. This article introduces the basic knowledge of learning C language and the basics of PHP extension development, as well as the basic steps of using C to develop customized PHP extensions, and gives a simple example. I hope that through studying this article, readers can master the skills of C development and PHP extension development, thereby improving their development capabilities.

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