How to configure Nginx proxy server to implement access control of distributed web services?

How to configure Nginx proxy server to achieve access control of distributed web services?

Introduction:
In modern distributed Web service architecture, in order to ensure the security and reliability of the system, access control is a very important part. As a high-performance and scalable proxy server, Nginx can be used to implement access control of distributed web services and provide flexible configuration options. This article will introduce how to configure the Nginx proxy server to implement access control of distributed web services and provide relevant code examples.

1. Install Nginx server

First, we need to install Nginx server. In Linux systems, it can be installed through package management tools. Taking the Ubuntu system as an example, use the following command to install:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx

2. Configure the Nginx proxy server

1. Edit the Nginx configuration file
   Open the Nginx configuration file through the following command:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

2. Configure proxy service
   In the Nginx configuration file, find the http section and add the following code in it:

http {
    ...
    upstream backend {
        server web1.example.com:80;
        server web2.example.com:80;
        server web3.example.com:80;
    }
    ...
}

In the above code, upstream backend defines the address and port number of the backend server, and you can add or delete the backend server according to the actual situation.

3. Configuring access control
   Different access control policies can be configured according to specific needs. The following are some common configuration examples:

(1) IP whitelist:

location / {
    allow 192.168.0.0/24;
    deny all;
}

The above configuration indicates that only the IP address 192.168.0.0/24 is allowed client access.

(2) Based on HTTP Basic authentication:

location / {
    auth_basic "Restricted Content";
    auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
}

The above configuration indicates that HTTP Basic authentication needs to be used and the user is authenticated through the .htpasswd file.

(3) Based on URL path:

location /admin {
    deny all;
}

location /api {
    allow all;
}

The above configuration indicates that requests for the /admin path will be rejected, and requests for the /api path will be rejected. Allowed.

4. Restart the Nginx server
   After completing the configuration, restart the Nginx server through the following command to make the configuration take effect:

sudo service nginx restart

3. Example demonstration

Suppose we have three backend servers: web1.example.com, web2.example.com and web3.example.com, now we will demonstrate how to configure Access control.

1. Configuration file example:

http {
    ...
    upstream backend {
        server web1.example.com:80;
        server web2.example.com:80;
        server web3.example.com:80;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        
        location / {
            allow 192.168.0.0/24;
            deny all;
            proxy_pass http://backend;
        }

        location /admin {
            deny all;
            proxy_pass http://backend;
        }
        
        location /api {
            allow all;
            proxy_pass http://backend;
        }
    }
    ...
}

2. Restart the Nginx server:

sudo service nginx restart

Through the above configuration, we have achieved the following functions:

1) Only clients with IP address 192.168.0.0/24 are allowed to access the root path /.
2) Deny access to requests for the /admin path.
3) Allow access to requests to the /api path.

Conclusion:
By configuring the Nginx proxy server, we can achieve access control of distributed web services. Through properly configured access control policies, we can improve the security and reliability of the system.

The above is an introduction on how to configure the Nginx proxy server to implement access control of distributed web services. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

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