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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP5经典教程之文件操作_PHP

一、引论

在任何计算机设备中,文件是都是必须的对象,而在web编程中,文件的操作一直是web程序员的头疼的地方,而,文件的操作在cms系统中这是必须的,非常有用的,我们经常遇到生成文件目录,文件(夹)编辑等操作,现在我把php中的这些函数做一详细总结并实例示范如何使用.,关于对应的函数详细介绍,请查阅php手册.此处只总结重点.和需要注意的地方.(这在php手册是没有的.)

二、目录操作

首先介绍的是一个从目录读取的函数,opendir(),readdir(),closedir(),使用的时候是先打开文件句柄,而后迭代列出:

$base_dir = "filelist/";
$fso = opendir($base_dir);
echo $base_dir."
" ;
while($flist=readdir($fso)){
echo $flist."
" ;
}
closedir($fso)
?>

这是讲返回文件目录下面的文件已经目录的程序(0文件将返回false).

有时候需要知道目录的信息,可以使用dirname($path)和basename($path),分别返回路径的目录部分和文件名名称部分,可用disk_free_space($path)返回看空间空余空间.

创建命令:

mkdir($path,0777)

,0777是权限码,在非window下可用umask()函数设置.

rmdir($path)

将删除路径在$path的文件.

dir -- directory 类也是操作文件目录的重要类,有3个方法,read,rewind,close,这是一个仿面向对象的类,它先使用的是打开文件句柄,然后用指针的方式读取的.,这里看php手册:

$d = dir("/etc/php5");
echo "Handle: " . $d->handle . "\n";
echo "Path: " . $d->path . "\n";
while (false !== ($entry = $d->read())) {
    echo $entry."\n";
}
$d->close();
?>

输出:

Handle: Resource id #2
Path: /etc/php5
.
..
apache
cgi
cli

文件的属性也非常重要,文件属性包括创建时间,最后修改时间,所有者,文件组,类型,大小等.

下面我们重点谈文件操作.

三、文件操作

A、读文件

首先是一个文件看能不能读取(权限问题),或者存在不,我们可以用is_readable函数获取信息。

$file = 'dirlist.php';
if (is_readable($file) == false) {
         die('文件不存在或者无法读取');
} else {
         echo '存在';
}
?>

判断文件存在的函数还有file_exists(下面演示),但是这个显然无is_readable全面.,当一个文件存在的话可以用

$file = "filelist.php";
if (file_exists($file) == false) {
         die('文件不存在');
}
$data = file_get_contents($file);
echo htmlentities($data);
?>

但是file_get_contents函数在较低版本上不支持,可以先创建文件的一个句柄,然后用指针读取全部:

         $fso = fopen($cacheFile, 'r');
         $data = fread($fso, filesize($cacheFile));
         fclose($fso);

还有一种方式,可以读取二进制的文件:

$data = implode('', file($file));

B、写文件

和读取文件的方式一样,先看看是不是能写:

$file = 'dirlist.php';
if (is_writable($file) == false) {
         die("我是鸡毛,我不能");
}
?>

能写了的话可以使用file_put_contents函数写入:

$file = 'dirlist.php';
if (is_writable($file) == false) {
die('我是鸡毛,我不能');
}
$data = '我是可鄙,我想要';
file_put_contents ($file, $data);
?>

file_put_contents函数在php5中新引进的函数(不知道存在的话用function_exists函数先判断一下)低版本的php无法使用,可以使用如下方式:

$f = fopen($file, 'w');
fwrite($f, $data);
fclose($f);

替换之.

写文件的时候有时候需要锁定,然后写:

function cache_page($pageurl,$pagedata){
if(!$fso=fopen($pageurl,'w')){
$this->warns('无法打开缓存文件.');//trigger_error
return false;
}
if(!flock($fso,LOCK_EX)){//LOCK_NB,排它型锁定
$this->warns('无法锁定缓存文件.');//trigger_error
return false;
}
if(!fwrite($fso,$pagedata)){//写入字节流,serialize写入其他格式
$this->warns('无法写入缓存文件.');//trigger_error
return false;
}
flock($fso,LOCK_UN);//释放锁定
fclose($fso);
return true;
}

C、复制,删除文件

php删除文件非常easy,用unlink函数简单操作:

$file = 'dirlist.php';
$result = @unlink ($file);
if ($result == false) {
echo '蚊子赶走了';
} else {
echo '无法赶走';
}
?>

即可.

复制文件也很容易:

$file = 'yang.txt';
$newfile = 'ji.txt'; # 这个文件父文件夹必须能写
if (file_exists($file) == false) {
die ('小样没上线,无法复制');
}
$result = copy($file, $newfile);
if ($result == false) {
echo '复制记忆ok';
}
?>

可以使用rename()函数重命名一个文件夹.其他操作都是这几个函数组合一下就能实现的.

D、获取文件属性

我说几个常见的函数:

获取最近修改时间:

$file = 'test.txt';
echo date('r', filemtime($file));
?>

返回的说unix的时间戳,这在缓存技术常用.

相关的还有获取上次被访问的时间fileatime(),filectime()当文件的权限,所有者,所有组或其它 inode 中的元数据被更新时间,fileowner()函数返回文件所有者

$owner = posix_getpwuid(fileowner($file));

(非window系统),ileperms()获取文件的权限,

$file = 'dirlist.php';
$perms = substr(sprintf('%o', fileperms($file)), -4);
echo $perms;
?>

filesize()返回文件大小的字节数:


// 输出类似:somefile.txt: 1024 bytes

$filename = 'somefile.txt';
echo $filename . ': ' . filesize($filename) . ' bytes';

?>

获取文件的全部信息有个返回数组的函数stat()函数:

$file = 'dirlist.php';
$perms = stat($file);
var_dump($perms);
?>

那个键对应什么可以查阅详细资料,此处不再展开.

四、结束语

上面我简要的总结了一下几个文件操作,如果您熟练掌握以上列出的函数,已经在操作的时候没什么大的问题,php文件操作的函数变化比较快,现在已经非常强大了,文件这部分也是学习php非常重要的一部分,希望不要忽略.

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