ThinkPHP6 event and hook usage guide: implementing triggering and monitoring

ThinkPHP6 Events and Hooks Usage Guide: Implementing Triggering and Monitoring

Overview
During the development process, we often need to handle some events, such as when the user registration is successful. Send an email reminder later, or update the cache after the product is removed from the shelves, etc. In order to better manage these events, ThinkPHP6 provides event and hook mechanisms, making event triggering and monitoring more flexible and convenient.

1. Events and listeners
Events refer to things that happen during program execution, such as successful user registration, successful order placement, etc. Listeners respond to events, that is, perform specific operations after an event occurs. Events and listeners in ThinkPHP6 are managed using the observer mode, which decouples the triggering of events and the corresponding operations.

1. Register event listener
   In ThinkPHP6, you can register an event listener by defining a listener class. The listener class is located in the app/listener directory. When defining, you need to inherit the thinklistenerListener class and implement its handle() method. For example, we define a UserRegisteredListener class to listen for user registration success events:

namespace applistener;

use thinklistenerListener;

class UserRegisteredListener extends Listener
{
    // 定义事件监听方法
    public function handle($event)
    {
        // 处理事件的操作
        // 比如发送邮件通知
        // ...
    }
}

In the handle() method, you can write the operations that need to be performed after the corresponding event occurs.

2. The corresponding relationship between registered events and listeners
   In ThinkPHP6, you can specify the corresponding relationship between events and listeners in the event definition file. The event definition file is located in the app/event.php file, and the corresponding relationship between events and listeners is defined through a configuration array.

return [
    'bind' => [
        'UserRegistered' => [
            'applistenerUserRegisteredListener',
        ],
    ],
];

The above configuration indicates that when the event UserRegistered occurs, the handle() method of UserRegisteredListener will be triggered.

2. Triggering events
When an event occurs, we can notify the system by triggering the event, thereby executing the corresponding listener.

1. Methods for event triggering
   ThinkPHP6 provides two ways to trigger events:

(1) Direct triggering: directly through the dispatch() method of the system class to trigger the event.

use thinkacadeEvent;

// 触发 UserRegistered 事件，可以传递参数
Event::dispatch('UserRegistered', $userData);

(2) Triggering within the container: Trigger the event through the event() method of the container. If it is called in the constructor, automatic dependency injection can be used.

use thinkacadeevent;

// 通过容器内触发 UserRegistered 事件，可以传递参数
app('event')->trigger('UserRegistered', $userData);

2. Create event object
   In the event listener processing method, we can receive the parameters passed when the event is triggered by defining the event object. Creating an event object encapsulates parameters for easy use in listeners.

namespace applistener;

use thinklistenerListener;
use appeventUserRegisteredEvent; // 引入事件类

class UserRegisteredListener extends Listener
{
    public function handle($event)
    {
        // 将传递的参数封装为事件对象
        $userRegisteredEvent = new UserRegisteredEvent($event);
        
        // 使用事件对象的属性
        $username = $userRegisteredEvent->username;
        // ...
    }
}

3. Hooks
Hooks are some key nodes reserved in the system. By registering operations on the hook nodes, the corresponding extended functions can be achieved. Hook nodes are usually located in the core parts of the system, such as request start, request end, route resolution, etc. The hook mechanism in ThinkPHP6 is implemented through Middleware, which allows for more flexible control of the process.

1. Register hook
   In ThinkPHP6, hooks can be registered through middleware. Middleware inherits from the thinkMiddleware class. You can customize middleware and implement corresponding operations in the middleware.

namespace appmiddleware;

use thinkacadeEvent;

class MyMiddleware
{
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        // 钩子操作
        // ...

        return $next($request);
    }
}

In the above handle() method, you can write the operations that the corresponding hook node needs to perform. After the middleware is registered, it can be configured into the system's global middleware or routing middleware.

2. Register global hooks
   Global hooks refer to hooks that will be triggered during the entire system request life cycle. In ThinkPHP6, global hooks can be registered through the middleware configuration item in the config/app.php file.

'middleware' => [
    // 注册全局钩子
    ppmiddlewareMyMiddleware::class,
    // ...
]

3. Register routing hook
   Routing hook refers to a hook that will be triggered only when a specific route matches. In ThinkPHP6, routing hooks can be registered by specifying middleware in the route.

Route::rule('index', 'index/index')->middleware(ppmiddlewareMyMiddleware::class);

4. Summary
Through the event and hook mechanism, we can handle events that occur in the program more flexibly and perform corresponding operations after the event occurs. In ThinkPHP6, we can listen for events by registering listeners and perform specific operations when events occur. At the same time, we can also register middleware to implement corresponding hooks to achieve more refined process control.

In this way, we can decouple and separate various parts of the system and improve the scalability and maintainability of the system.

The above is the relevant content of the ThinkPHP6 event and hook usage guide. I hope it will be helpful for you to understand and apply the event and hook mechanism in ThinkPHP6.

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