How to solve C++ runtime error: 'out of bounds exception'?

How to solve C runtime error: 'out of bounds exception'

When programming in C, runtime errors are often encountered. One of the common errors is the 'out of bounds exception', which is an array out-of-bounds error. This error is thrown when we try to access an array beyond its valid index range. Such errors may cause the program to crash or produce unexpected results. Below we'll explain how to solve this problem and provide some code examples.

1. Basic principles for avoiding array out-of-bounds errors
   Array out-of-bounds errors usually occur when we try to access an array element beyond its valid range. In order to avoid this error, we should follow the following principles:

   • Before accessing an array element, determine whether the index to be accessed is within the valid range.
   • Ensure that all loops use the correct index range and do not exceed the range when processing array elements.
2. Use conditional checks to avoid out-of-bounds errors
   In order to avoid array out-of-bounds errors, we can perform conditional checks before accessing array elements. The following is a sample code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    int index;

    cout << "请输入要访问的数组索引：";
    cin >> index;
    
    if (index >= 0 && index < 5) {
        cout << "数组元素值为：" << arr[index] << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "索引超出有效范围！" << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

In the above example, we first enter the array index to be accessed and then perform the condition check. If the index is within the valid range, the corresponding array element value is output; otherwise, it is prompted that the index is outside the valid range.

3. Use exception handling mechanism to handle out-of-bounds errors
   C provides an exception handling mechanism, which we can use to handle array out-of-bounds errors. The following is a sample code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    int index;

    cout << "请输入要访问的数组索引：";
    cin >> index;

    try {
        if (index < 0 || index >= 5) {
            throw "索引超出有效范围！";
        }

        cout << "数组元素值为：" << arr[index] << endl;
    } catch (const char* errMsg) {
        cout << errMsg << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

In the above example, we used a try-catch statement block to catch exceptions. When the index exceeds the valid range, we throw a custom exception and handle the exception in the catch statement block. In this way, even if an out-of-bounds error occurs, the program can terminate normally without crashing.

Summary:
When writing C programs, we must always pay attention to the problem of array out-of-bounds errors. By performing condition checks and using exception handling mechanisms, we can effectively avoid and resolve out-of-bounds errors. At the same time, good programming habits and specifications can also help us reduce the possibility of such errors.

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