Safe programming tips in C++

C is a widely used computer programming language, but due to its flexibility, it is also prone to security vulnerabilities. In this article, we'll explore some secure programming tips in C to ensure that our code doesn't run into unnecessary vulnerabilities.

1. Use type-safe standard library functions

The C standard library provides many type-safe functions, such as std::string and std::vector. These functions can help us avoid some common security holes, such as buffer overflows and memory leaks. When using these functions, be sure to pay attention to boundary conditions to avoid problems such as array out-of-bounds problems.

2. Avoid using raw pointers

Pointers are an important feature of C, but improper use can easily lead to problems such as memory leaks, pointer dangling, and wild pointers. In order to avoid these problems, we can use smart pointers such as std::shared_ptr and std::unique_ptr, or use container classes such as std::vector and std::list to avoid using raw pointers.

3. Attention to exception handling

Exception handling is a common error handling method, but it should be noted that if the exception is handled incorrectly, it may cause the application to The program crashes or exposes security holes. Therefore, when writing code, be sure to ensure that exceptions are handled correctly and logged as needed.

4. Avoid using dynamic memory allocation

Dynamic memory allocation may lead to problems such as memory leaks and stack overflows. Try to avoid excessive use of dynamic memory allocation. You can avoid such problems by using strategies such as object pooling and preallocated memory.

5. Handle user input with care

User input is often one of the most vulnerable parts of an application. When processing user input, be sure to perform input validation to avoid problems such as code injection and buffer overflow. You can use a library like std::regex to verify that the input is in the expected format.

6. Handle file operations with care

File operations are also one of the most vulnerable parts of an application. When reading and writing files, be sure to ensure that the file path and content are trusted to avoid malicious files and unexpected file operations.

7. Understand the memory model of C

The memory model of C is relatively complex, and developers need to understand its internal structure to write efficient and safe code. Understanding issues such as memory layout, memory management, and memory allocation can help developers write better code.

In short, C is a powerful programming language, but it can also easily lead to security vulnerabilities. Using the above tips can help us write secure code, thereby improving the stability and security of our applications.

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