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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP isset()与empty()的使用区别详解_PHP

PHP的isset()函数 一般用来检测变量是否设置
格式:bool isset ( mixed var [, mixed var [, ...]] )

功能:检测变量是否设置

返回值:

若变量不存在则返回 FALSE
若变量存在且其值为NULL,也返回 FALSE
若变量存在且值不为NULL,则返回 TURE
同时检查多个变量时,每个单项都符合上一条要求时才返回 TRUE,否则结果为 FALSE
版本:PHP 3, PHP 4, PHP 5
更多说明:
使用 unset() 释放变量之后,它将不再是 isset()。
PHP函数isset()只能用于变量,传递任何其它参数都将造成解析错误。
检测常量是否已设置可使用 defined() 函数。

PHP的empty()函数 判断值为否为空

格式:bool empty ( mixed var )

功能:检查一个变量是否为空

返回值:

若变量不存在则返回 TRUE
若变量存在且其值为""、0、"0"、NULL、、FALSE、array()、var $var; 以及没有任何属性的对象,则返回 TURE
若变量存在且值不为""、0、"0"、NULL、、FALSE、array()、var $var; 以及没有任何属性的对象,则返回 FALSE
版本:PHP 3, PHP 4, PHP 5
更多说明:
empty()的返回值=!(boolean) var,但不会因为变量未定义而产生警告信息。参见转换为布尔值获取更多信息。
empty() 只能用于变量,传递任何其它参数都将造成Paser error而终止运行。
检测常量是否已设置可使用 defined() 函数。
例子: empty() 与 isset() 的一个简单比较
复制代码 代码如下:
$var = 0;
// 结果为 true,因为 $var 为空
if (empty($var)) {
echo '$var is either 0 or not set at all';
}
// 结果为 false,因为 $var 已设置
if (!isset($var)) {
echo '$var is not set at all';
}
?>

注: 由于这是一个语言结构而非函数,因此它无法被变量函数调用。
注: empty() 只检测变量,检测任何非变量的东西都将导致解析错误。换句话说,后边的语句将不会起作用: empty(addslashes($name))。
下面是经过测试过的一段isset与empty函数详细例子的代码,看完这个基本上就差不多了:
复制代码 代码如下:
error_reporting(E_ALL);
echo '未定义$var
';
echo "isset测试:
";
if ( isset ( $var ))
{
echo '变量$var存在!
' ;
}
echo "empty测试:
";
if ( empty ( $var )){
echo '变量$var的值为空
';
}
else
{
echo '变量$var的值不为空
';
}
echo "变量直接测试:
";
if ( $var ){
echo '变量$var存在!
';
}
else {
echo '变量$var不存在!
';
}
echo '----------------------------------
';
echo '$var = \'\'
';
echo "isset测试:
";
$var = '';
if ( isset ( $var ))
{
echo '变量$var存在!
' ;
}
echo "empty测试:
";
if ( empty ( $var )){
echo '变量$var的值为空
';
}
else
{
echo '变量$var的值不为空
';
}
echo "变量直接测试:
";
if ( $var ){
echo '变量$var存在!
';
}
else {
echo '变量$var不存在!
';
}
echo '----------------------------------
';
echo '$var = 0
';
echo 'isset测试:
';
$var = 0 ;
if ( isset ( $var ))
{
echo '变量$var存在!
' ;
}
echo "empty测试:
";
if ( empty ( $var )){
echo '变量$var的值为空
';
}
else
{
echo '变量$var的值不为空
';
}
echo "变量直接测试:
";
if ( $var ){
echo '变量$var存在!
';
}
else {
echo '变量$var不存在!
';
}
echo '----------------------------------
';
echo '$var = null
';
echo 'isset测试:
';
$var = null ;
if ( isset ( $var ))
{
echo '变量$var存在!
' ;
}
echo "empty测试:
";
if ( empty ( $var )){
echo '变量$var的值为空
';
}
else
{
echo '变量$var的值不为空
';
}
echo "变量直接测试:
";
if ( $var ){
echo '变量$var存在!
';
}
else {
echo '变量$var不存在!
';
}
echo '----------------------------------
';

echo '$var ="php"
';
echo 'isset测试:
';
$var = "php";
if ( isset ( $var ))
{
echo '变量$var存在!
' ;
}

echo "empty测试:
";
if ( empty ( $var )){
echo '变量$var的值为空
';
}
else
{
echo '变量$var的值不为空
';
}
echo "变量直接测试:
";
if ( $var ){
echo '变量$var存在!
';
}
else {
echo '变量$var不存在!
';
}
?>


在使用 php 编写页面程序时,我经常使用变量处理函数判断 php 页面尾部参数的某个变量值是否为空,开始的时候我习惯了使用 empty() 函数,却发现了一些问题,因此改用 isset() 函数,问题不再。
顾名思义,empty() 判断一个变量是否为“空”,isset() 判断一个变量是否已经设置。正是这种所谓的“顾名思义”,令我开始时走了些弯路:当一个变量值等于0时,empty()也会成立(True),因而会发生 一些意外。原来,empty() 和 isset() 虽然都是变量处理函数,它们都用来判断变量是否已经配置,它们却是有一定的区别:empty还会检测变量是否为空、为零。当一个变量值为0,empty() 认为这个变量同等于空,即相当于没有设置。
比如检测 $id 变量,当 $id=0 时,用empty() 和 isset() 来检测变量 $id 是否已经配置,两都将返回不同的值—— empty() 认为没有配置,isset() 能够取得 $id 的值:

复制代码 代码如下:
$id=0;
empty($id)?print "It's empty .":print "It's $id .";
//结果:It's empty .
print "
";
!isset($id)?print "It's empty .":print "It's $id .";
//结果:It's 0 .


这意味着,我们在使用变量处理函数时,当该变量可能出现0的值,使用 empty() 要小心,这个时候用 isset 取代它更明智一些。
当一个php页面的 URL 尾部参数出现 id=0 时(比如:test.php?id=0),试比较:

复制代码 代码如下:
if(empty($id)) $id=1; - 若 id=0 ,id 也会为1
if(!isset($id)) $id=1; - 若 id=0 ,id 不会为1


可分开运行以下代码检测上述推断:

复制代码 代码如下:
if(empty($id)) $id=1;
print $id; // 得到 1
if(!isset($id)) $id=1;
print $id; //得到 0


要说它们的联系,其共同点就是empty()和 isset()都是变量处理函数,作用是判断变量是否已经配置,正是由于它们在处理变量过程中有很大的相似性,才导致对它们的关系认识不足。单从 empty()和isset()这两个函数本身来考虑的话会把人弄得更糊涂,换一个角度来它。empty()和isset()的处理对象无外乎未定义变量,0,空字符串。
如果变量为0,则empty()会返回TRUE,isset()会返回TRUE;

如果变量为空字符串,则empty()会返回TRUE,isset()会返回TRUE;
如果变量未定义,则empty()会返回TRUE,isset()会返回FLASE;

手册中对empty()的解释如下:

描述bool empty( mixed var )
如果 var 是非空或非零的值,则 empty() 返回 FALSE。换句话说,”"、0、”0″、NULL、FALSE、array()、var $var; 以及没有任何属性的对象都将被认为是空的,如果 var 为空,则返回 TRUE。
手册中对isset()的解释如下:

isset()检测变量是否设置

描述bool isset ( mixed var [, mixed var [, ...]] )

如果 var 存在则返回 TRUE,否则返回 FALSE。

如果已经使用 unset() 释放了一个变量之后,它将不再是 isset()。若使用 isset() 测试一个被设置成 NULL 的变量,将返回 FALSE。同时要注意的是一个 NULL 字节(”?”)并不等同于 PHP 的 NULL 常数。
警告: isset() 只能用于变量,因为传递任何其它参数都将造成解析错误。若想检测常量是否已设置,可使用 defined()函数。

当要 判断一个变量是否已经声明的时候 可以使用 isset 函数
当要 判断一个变量是否已经赋予数据且不为空 可以用 empty 函数
当要 判断 一个变量 存在且不为空 先isset 函数 再用 empty 函数
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