


Can you get this Go question right? More than 80% of people got it wrong...
While surfing recently, I saw Bartłomiej Płotka, chief software engineer of Redhat and maintainer of Prometheus and other projects, posted on twitter A Go "exam question" is meant to test everyone.

The questions are as follows:
func aaa() (done func(), err error) { return func() { print("aaa: done") }, nil } func bbb() (done func(), _ error) { done, err := aaa() return func() { print("bbb: surprise!"); done() }, err } func main() { done, _ := bbb() done() }
The answer options are as follows:
A Go test question (single choice)
##C: Keep outputting and never end
## 想想原因,思考一下输出结果是什么?是 A,还是 D?还是三短一长,选 B? 缩小范围,核心关注到这块代码。如下: 在最后一行的这个闭包(匿名函数)中,大家可能认为程序调用了函数 这个想法是错误的,程序没有这么去运作。 原因在于 如下: 也就是在函数 这是一个关键的地方。 这个程序输出结果是什么呢? 他会不断地递归,疯狂输出 “bbb: surprise!”,直至栈溢出,导致程序运行出错,最终中止 同学就疑惑了,怎么又多出了个递归? 我们再看看程序: 本质上在函数 递归的过程是:函数 最终结果如下: 也就是正确答案是:D,程序最终运行出错。 一直调用一直爽,直至栈溢出程序崩溃。 这位大佬出的题目,本质上是比较烦人的,其结合了函数返回参数的命名用法。 如果我们把这个函数的返回参数命名去掉,就可以避开这个问题。如下: 输出结果为 "bbb: surprise!"。 很多 Go 的同学在日常代码编写的时候不会用到或注意到。但如果写的时候有类似案例代码中的模式,就会排查许久都查不到。 这是个有警惕意义的题目,你觉得呢?
分析程序
func bbb() (done func(), _ error) {
done, err := aaa()
return func() {
print("bbb: surprise!")
done()
}, err
}
aaa
所返回的 done
值来输出程序,应当是:aaa: done
return
实际上是一个赋值语句。结合程序,可以看到函数 bbb
的第一个返回值是 done
参数。func bbb() (done func(), _ error)
bbb
在程序最后执行 return
语句后,会对返回变量 done
进行赋值,自然该值不会是由函数 aaa
所设置的了。
具体过程
func main() {
done, _ := bbb()
done()
}
func bbb() (done func(), _ error) {
...
return func() {
print("bbb: surprise!");
done()
}, err
}
bbb
执行完毕后, 变量 done
已经变成了一个递归函数。bbb
调用变量 done
后,会输出 bbb: surprise!
字符串,然后又调用变量 done
。而变量 done
又是这个闭包(匿名函数),从而实现不断递归调用和输出。b: surprise!bbb: surprise!bbb: surprise!runtime: goroutine stack exceeds 1000000000-byte limit
runtime: sp=0xc0200e0380 stack=[0xc0200e0000, 0xc0400e0000]
fatal error: stack overflow
runtime stack:
runtime.throw(0x1074b5a, 0xe)
/usr/local/Cellar/go/1.16.6/libexec/src/runtime/panic.go:1117 +0x72
runtime.newstack()
/usr/local/Cellar/go/1.16.6/libexec/src/runtime/stack.go:1069 +0x7ed
runtime.morestack()
/usr/local/Cellar/go/1.16.6/libexec/src/runtime/asm_amd64.s:458 +0x8f
...
总结
func bbb() (func(), error) {
...
return func() {
print("bbb: surprise!");
done()
}, err
}
...
The above is the detailed content of Can you get this Go question right? More than 80% of people got it wrong.... For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Goimpactsdevelopmentpositivelythroughspeed,efficiency,andsimplicity.1)Speed:Gocompilesquicklyandrunsefficiently,idealforlargeprojects.2)Efficiency:Itscomprehensivestandardlibraryreducesexternaldependencies,enhancingdevelopmentefficiency.3)Simplicity:

C is more suitable for scenarios where direct control of hardware resources and high performance optimization is required, while Golang is more suitable for scenarios where rapid development and high concurrency processing are required. 1.C's advantage lies in its close to hardware characteristics and high optimization capabilities, which are suitable for high-performance needs such as game development. 2.Golang's advantage lies in its concise syntax and natural concurrency support, which is suitable for high concurrency service development.

Golang excels in practical applications and is known for its simplicity, efficiency and concurrency. 1) Concurrent programming is implemented through Goroutines and Channels, 2) Flexible code is written using interfaces and polymorphisms, 3) Simplify network programming with net/http packages, 4) Build efficient concurrent crawlers, 5) Debugging and optimizing through tools and best practices.

The core features of Go include garbage collection, static linking and concurrency support. 1. The concurrency model of Go language realizes efficient concurrent programming through goroutine and channel. 2. Interfaces and polymorphisms are implemented through interface methods, so that different types can be processed in a unified manner. 3. The basic usage demonstrates the efficiency of function definition and call. 4. In advanced usage, slices provide powerful functions of dynamic resizing. 5. Common errors such as race conditions can be detected and resolved through getest-race. 6. Performance optimization Reuse objects through sync.Pool to reduce garbage collection pressure.

Go language performs well in building efficient and scalable systems. Its advantages include: 1. High performance: compiled into machine code, fast running speed; 2. Concurrent programming: simplify multitasking through goroutines and channels; 3. Simplicity: concise syntax, reducing learning and maintenance costs; 4. Cross-platform: supports cross-platform compilation, easy deployment.

Confused about the sorting of SQL query results. In the process of learning SQL, you often encounter some confusing problems. Recently, the author is reading "MICK-SQL Basics"...

The relationship between technology stack convergence and technology selection In software development, the selection and management of technology stacks are a very critical issue. Recently, some readers have proposed...

Golang ...


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

MantisBT
Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

SecLists
SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment