Error handling in Golang: Properly set return error codes

Error handling in Golang: Set the return error code appropriately

In Golang, error handling is a very important part. Good error handling can improve the robustness and reliability of your program. This article will introduce how to properly set the return error code in Golang and illustrate it with code examples.

1. How to handle errors

In Golang, errors can be handled by returning the error type. Normally, the return value of a function can be a value and an error, as shown below:

func Divide(a, b int) (int, error) {
    if b == 0 {
        return 0, errors.New("除数不能为0")
    }
    return a / b, nil
}

In the above example, the return value of the Divide function is an integer and an error. If the divisor is 0, an error message is returned, otherwise the result of dividing two integers is returned.

2. Return error code

In addition to returning error information, we can also consider returning error code. An error code is a unique identifier used to represent different types of errors. By returning the error code, we can more easily determine the type of error and handle it accordingly.

type ErrorCode int

const (
    ErrInvalidParamErr ErrorCode = iota + 1 // 无效参数错误
    ErrDivideByZero                         // 除以0错误
)

func DivideWithCode(a, b int) (int, ErrorCode) {
    if b == 0 {
        return 0, ErrDivideByZero
    }
    return a / b, 0
}

In the above example, we defined an ErrorCode type to represent the error code. After that, we defined two error codes: ErrInvalidParamErr and ErrDivideByZero. Finally, we modified the return value of the Divide function and changed the error message to an error code. If the divisor is 0, the ErrDivideByZero error code is returned.

3. Suggestions for error handling

When designing error codes, we need to follow the following principles:

• The error code should be unique Yes, different error types should have different error codes. In this way we can determine the type of error based on the error code.
• Error codes should be readable to facilitate code maintenance and reading.
• Error codes should try to avoid overly complex nested structures to avoid increasing the complexity of the code.

In addition, there are some best practices for error handling:

• When an error is encountered in a function, return in time and handle the error in the caller.
• For some foreseeable errors, specific error codes can be used to handle them for easy differentiation.
• Use the defer statement to release resources to avoid forgetting to handle errors.

4. Sample code

A complete sample code is given below to demonstrate the specific usage of error handling:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

type ErrorCode int

const (
    ErrInvalidParamErr ErrorCode = iota + 1 // 无效参数错误
    ErrDivideByZero                         // 除以0错误
)

func DivideWithCode(a, b int) (int, ErrorCode) {
    if b == 0 {
        return 0, ErrDivideByZero
    }
    return a / b, 0
}

func main() {
    result, errCode := DivideWithCode(10, 0)
    if errCode != 0 {
        switch errCode {
        case ErrInvalidParamErr:
            fmt.Println("无效参数错误")
        case ErrDivideByZero:
            fmt.Println("除以0错误")
        default:
            fmt.Println("未知错误")
        }
    } else {
        fmt.Println("结果：", result)
    }
}

In the above example , we called the DivideWithCode function and processed it based on the returned error code. If the error code is ErrDivideByZero, print "divide by 0 error", otherwise print the result.

By setting reasonable return error codes, we can more easily classify and handle errors, improving the reliability and readability of the program.

The above is an introduction to the reasonable setting of return error codes in Golang. Hope this article is helpful to you.

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