Analyze Nginx virtual host configuration and domain name resolution implementation details

Analysis of Nginx's virtual host configuration and domain name resolution implementation details

Nginx is a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server that is widely used in the Internet field. Virtual host configuration and domain name resolution are one of the important functions of Nginx. This article will analyze the implementation details of Nginx's virtual host configuration and domain name resolution in detail, and give code examples.

1. Virtual host configuration
Virtual host refers to the ability to host multiple domain names on a physical server at the same time. Nginx achieves this function by configuring different virtual hosts.

1. Open the Nginx configuration file nginx.conf, which is usually located in the /etc/nginx directory.
2. Add the following code in the http block:

http {
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;
        root /var/www/example.com;
        index index.html;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example2.com;
        root /var/www/example2.com;
        index index.html;
    }
}

The above configuration defines two virtual hosts, corresponding to the two domain names example.com and example2.com respectively. The configuration block of each virtual host contains the listening port, server name, root directory and default index file.

3. Save and exit the nginx.conf file.
4. Reload the Nginx configuration to make it effective: sudo nginx -s reload.

Through the above configuration, Nginx will forward the request to the corresponding virtual host for processing according to the requested domain name.

2. Domain name resolution implementation details

1. Edit the /etc/hosts file and point the two domain names example.com and example2.com to the server IP address, for example:

127.0.0.1 example.com
127.0.0.1 example2.com

In this way, when testing locally, you can directly access the domain name without domain name resolution.

2. Set up domain name resolution at the domain name registrar and point the domain name to the server IP address.
3. Perform domain name resolution through the DNS server, and resolve the domain name visited by the user into the IP address of the server.

In the above two cases, when a user accesses example.com or example2.com, the domain name will be mapped to the server IP address through domain name resolution, so that Nginx can correctly find the corresponding virtual host. Request processing.

Code example:
In the Nginx virtual host configuration, you can also add some other configuration parameters to achieve more flexible functions.

For example, you can use the rewrite directive to implement URL rewriting and redirect requests to other pages. The following code example redirects requests to example.com/oldpage to example.com/newpage.

http {
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;
        root /var/www/example.com;
        index index.html;

        location /oldpage {
            rewrite ^/oldpage /newpage;
        }
    }
}

In the above code, the location /oldpage configuration will match URLs starting with /oldpage and use the rewrite directive to redirect them to /newpage.

Summary:
This article introduces in detail how Nginx implements hosting and request forwarding of multiple domain names by analyzing the virtual host configuration and domain name resolution implementation details of Nginx. By learning Nginx's virtual host configuration and domain name resolution, you can better understand and apply Nginx and improve the performance and flexibility of the server.

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