File system selection and optimization suggestions for building a web server on CentOS

File system selection and optimization suggestions for building a web server on CentOS

Introduction:
When building a web server, it is extremely important to select an appropriate file system and optimize it. This article will introduce the file systems commonly used when building web servers on CentOS and provide corresponding optimization suggestions.

1. File system selection

1. XFS file system
   XFS is an advanced, high-performance log file system. It has fast and efficient file system recovery capabilities and excellent I/O operation performance for large-capacity storage. XFS has very good support for large files and large-capacity storage, and is suitable for high-load web servers.
2. Ext4 file system
   Ext4 is a widely used file system in Linux. It is an improvement and enhancement of the Ext3 file system. Ext4 supports larger file systems and larger files, while also providing better performance and stability. For average-sized web servers, Ext4 is a solid choice.
3. Btrfs file system
   Btrfs is a new generation of log file system with high scalability, flexibility and reliability. Btrfs supports advanced functions such as snapshots, data compression, and online file system verification, and is suitable for web servers that require advanced data protection and management functions.

2. File system optimization

1. Perform TRIM operation
   For web servers using solid-state drives (SSD), performing TRIM operations can reduce disk writing and Erase times to improve the life and performance of the hard drive. In CentOS, the TRIM feature can be enabled by adding the "discard" option to the /etc/fstab file.

Example:

/dev/sda2 / ext4 defaults,discard 0 1

2. Adjust the read and write buffer size of the file system
   By adjusting the read and write buffer size of the file system, the system can be improved Read and write performance to disk. In CentOS, you can modify the read and write buffer size of the file system through the tune2fs command.
   Example:

   tune2fs -m 0 /dev/sda1

   The above command sets the reserved space of the file system to 0.

3. Turn on inotify
   inotify is a file system monitoring mechanism provided by the Linux kernel, which is used to monitor changes in files or directories in real time. In the web server, you can enable inotify to monitor changes in website files in real time, such as adding, deleting or modifying files. In CentOS, inotify can be turned on by setting sysctl parameters.

Example:

#修改sysctl.conf文件
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

#在文件中添加以下配置
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=512

#保存并退出文件，执行以下命令使配置生效
sysctl -p

Conclusion:
Selecting the appropriate file system and optimizing it are an integral part of building a web server. XFS is suitable for high-load, large-capacity web servers; Ext4 is suitable for general-sized web servers; Btrfs is suitable for web servers that require advanced functions. At the same time, when setting up the file system, performing TRIM operations, adjusting the read and write buffer size, and turning on inotify are all effective ways to improve file system performance. I hope this article has helped you select and optimize the file system when building a web server.

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