How to use Nginx for performance optimization of HTTP requests

How to use Nginx to optimize the performance of HTTP requests

Abstract: Nginx is a high-performance web server and a powerful reverse proxy server. It can improve the performance of HTTP requests in several ways. This article will introduce some techniques for using Nginx to optimize HTTP request performance and provide corresponding code examples.

1. Enable caching

Enabling Nginx's caching function can significantly reduce server load and request response time. Here is an example configuration to enable caching:

http {
  ...
  proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m max_size=10g inactive=60m use_temp_path=off;

  server {
    ...
    location / {
      proxy_pass http://backend;
      proxy_cache my_cache;
      proxy_cache_valid 200 302 10m;
      proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
    }
  }
}

In the above example, we set the cache path and related options through the proxy_cache_path directive, and then use it in the location block The proxy_cache directive enables caching, and the proxy_cache_valid directive specifies the cache validity time of different response codes.

2. Enable Gzip compression

Enabling Gzip compression can reduce the size of transmitted files, thereby reducing network bandwidth usage. The following is an example configuration to enable Gzip compression:

http {
  ...
  gzip on;
  gzip_disable "msie6";
  gzip_vary on;
  gzip_proxied any;
  gzip_comp_level 6;
  gzip_buffers 16 8k;
  gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml+rss application/atom+xml image/svg+xml;

  server {
    ...
    location / {
      proxy_pass http://backend;
      proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding "";
    }
  }
}

In the above example, we enabled Gzip compression through the gzip on directive and specified the gzip_types directive. The file type to compress.

3. Using HTTP/2

HTTP/2 is a new network protocol with many performance improvements compared to HTTP/1.1. Enabling HTTP/2 provides higher concurrency and reduces latency. The following is a sample configuration to enable HTTP/2:

http {
  ...
  server {
    ...
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    ssl_certificate /path/to/certificate.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/private.key;
    ...
  }
}

In the above example, we set the use of port 443 and enabled HTTP/2 through the listen directive.

4. Use Nginx cache acceleration service

Nginx can be used as a cache acceleration service, proxying requests from backend servers to reduce the load on the backend. The following is an example configuration to enable the cache acceleration service:

http {
  ...
  upstream backend {
    server backend1.example.com;
    server backend2.example.com;
  }

  server {
    ...
    location / {
      proxy_pass http://backend;
      proxy_cache my_cache;
      proxy_cache_valid 200 302 10m;
      proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
    }
  }
}

In the above example, we define the list of backend servers through the upstream directive, and then in the location block The proxy_pass directive is used to proxy requests from the backend server.

Conclusion:

We can significantly improve the performance of HTTP requests by enabling caching, enabling Gzip compression, using HTTP/2 and using the Nginx cache acceleration service. The above are some tips and corresponding code examples for using Nginx to optimize HTTP request performance.

Reference:

• Nginx Documentation: https://nginx.org/en/docs/
• Nginx Caching: https://nginx.org/ en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html#proxy_cache
• Nginx Gzip Compression: https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_gzip_module.html
• Nginx HTTP/2: https ://nginx.org/en/docs/http/http2_module.html
• Nginx Reverse Proxy: https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html

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