Virtualization technology selection and precautions for building a web server on CentOS

CentOS Virtualization Technology Selection and Precautions for Building Web Servers

Virtualization technology is an important part of modern IT deployment architecture. It enables servers to be divided into multiple independent virtual machines, each of which can run its own operating system and applications, thereby improving resource utilization and flexibility. This article will introduce the commonly used virtualization technology choices when building a web server on CentOS, and provide some precautions and sample code.

1. KVM virtualization technology

KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a virtualization technology based on the Linux kernel. It can run multiple virtual machines on top of the Linux kernel. machine. As a hardware virtualization solution, KVM can provide a virtualization environment with near-native performance. The following is sample code to install and configure KVM on CentOS:

# 安装KVM软件包
sudo yum install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install libvirt-client
sudo systemctl enable libvirtd
sudo systemctl start libvirtd

# 创建虚拟机磁盘镜像
qemu-img create -f qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1.img 10G

# 安装虚拟机
virt-install --name vm1 --memory 2048 --vcpus 2 --disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1.img,format=qcow2 --network default --graphics none --console pty,target_type=serial --location /path/to/iso

# 启动虚拟机
virsh start vm1

2. Docker container virtualization technology

Docker is a lightweight container virtualization technology, It uses containers to package and isolate applications and their dependencies. Compared with traditional virtual machines, Docker containers are more lightweight, portable and scalable. The following is sample code for installing and configuring Docker on CentOS:

# 安装Docker软件包
sudo yum install docker-ce

# 启动Docker服务
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker

# 拉取并运行一个容器
docker run -d -p 80:80 nginx

3. Notes

When using virtualization technology to build a web server, you also need to pay attention to the following points ：

• Hardware requirements: Virtualization technology has certain requirements for hardware resources, including processor virtualization support, memory and storage resources, etc. Before choosing a virtualization technology, make sure your hardware meets the requirements.
• Network configuration: The network connection between the virtual machine and the host is very important. Use bridged networking or Network Address Translation (NAT) to communicate between virtual machines and external networks.
• Security: The security of the virtualized environment is also a key point to consider. Ensure that the operating systems and related software of the virtual machine and host are up to date, and take appropriate security measures, such as setting firewall rules and using secure transmission protocols.

Summary:

This article introduces the commonly used virtualization technology choices and precautions when building a web server on CentOS. KVM virtualization technology provides a virtualization environment with close to native performance and is suitable for scenarios with high performance requirements; Docker container virtualization technology is more lightweight, portable and scalable, and is suitable for rapid deployment and expansion scenarios. When using virtualization technology, please choose the appropriate technology based on actual needs and hardware resources, and pay attention to network configuration and security requirements.

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