search
HomeOperation and MaintenanceLinux Operation and Maintenance10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' for Linux Shell Scripting


The vastness of Linuxenables people to submit unique content every time. These contents are not only useful for their careers, but also allow them to increase their knowledge. Here, we try to do this. As for how successful we can achieve, it is up to our readers and friends to judge.

Here, as an additional content to the shell script, in this article we will explain the Linux Shell related questions from an interview perspective.
1. How to interrupt the script execution before the shell script is successfully executed?
Answer: We need to use the ‘exit’ command to achieve the scenario described above. When the ‘exit’ command is forced to output a non-zero value, the script will report an error and exit. In a shell script in a Unix environment, a value of 0 indicates successful execution. Therefore, executing an 'exit -1' command without quotes before the script terminates will abort the script.
For example, create the following script named "linuxmi.sh".
#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello"
exit-1
echo "bye"
Save the file and execute:
10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' for Linux Shell Scripting
From the above script It can be clearly seen that the script executed fine before the exit -1 command.
2. 如何使用Linux命令来移除文件头?
解答:当我们需要删除文件中的指定行时,‘sed’命令可以用来解决该问题。
这个是用来删除文件头(文件的首行)的正确命令。
# sed '1 d' file.txt
上面命令的问题是,它会在标准输出设备上输出不带首行的文件内容。为了保存输出到文件,我们需要使用重定向操作符,它将帮助你将输出重定向到文件。
# sed '1 d' file.txt > new_file.txt
好吧,其实sed命令内建的‘-i’开关就可以干这活,就不需要重定向符了吧。
# sed -i '1 d' file.txt
3. 你怎么检查一个文本文件中某一行的长度?
解答:‘sed’命令也可以用来查找文本文件中的某一行或者检查其长度。
# sed -n 'n p' file.txt
可以解决,这里‘n’表示行号,‘p’打印出匹配内容(到标准输出),该命令通常与-n命令行选项连用。那么,怎样来获取长度计数呢?很明显,我们需要通过管道输出给‘wc’命令来计算。
# sed –n 'n p' file.txt | wc –c
要得到文本文件‘linuxmi.txt’的第五行的长度,运行如下命令:
# sed -n '5 p' linuxmi.txt | wc -c
10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' for Linux Shell Scripting
4. 可以在Linux系统上查看到所有非打印字符吗?你是怎么做到的?
解答:可以。可以在Linux中查看所有的非打印字符。要实现上面所讲的方案,我们需要‘vi’编辑器的帮助。怎样在‘vi’编辑器中显示非打印字符?
打开vi编辑器。
先按[esc]键,然后按‘:’进入到vi编辑器的命令模式。
最后,从‘vi’编辑器的命令界面输入set list命令并执行。
注: 这种方式可以查看文本文件中的所有非打印字符,包括ctrl+m(^M)。
5. 假如你是一个员工组的团队领导,为xyz公司工作。公司要求你创建一个‘dir_xyz’目录,让该组成员都能在该目录下创建或访问文件,但是除了文件创建者之外的其他人不能删除文件,你会怎么做?
解答:这真是个有趣的工作方案。好吧,上面所讲的方案,我们需要通过下面的步骤来实施。
# mkdir dir_xyz
# chmod g+wx dir_xyz
# chmod +t dir_xyz
第一行命令创建了一个目录(dir_xyz),上面的第二行命令让组(g)具有‘写’和‘执行’的权限,而最后一行命令——权限位最后的‘+t’是‘粘滞位’,它用来替换‘x’,表明在这个目录中,文件只能被它们的拥有者、目录的拥有者或者是超级用户root删除。
6. 你能告诉我一个Linux进程经历的各个阶段吗?
解答:一个Linux进程在它的一生中,通常经历了四个主要阶段。
这里是Linux进程要经历的四个阶段。
  • 等待:Linux进程等待资源。

  • 运行:Linux进程当前正在执行中。

  • 停止:Linux进程在成功执行后或收到杀死进程信号后停止。

  • 僵尸:如果该进程已经结束,但仍然留在进程表中,被称为‘僵尸’。

7. Linux中cut命令怎么用?
解答:‘cut’是一个很有用的Linux命令,当我们要截取文件的指定部分并打印到标准输出,当文本区域以及文件本身很大时,这个命令很有用。
例如,截取‘txt_linuxmi’文件的前10列。
# cut -c1-10 txt_linuxmi
要截取该文件中的第二,第五和第七列。
# cut -d;-f2 -f5 -f7 txt_linuxmi
8. ‘cmp’和‘diff’命令的区别是什么?
Answer: The ‘cmp’ and ‘diff’ commands are used to obtain the same thing, but each has its own emphasis.
The 'diff' command outputs the modifications that should be made to make the two files identical. The 'cmp' command compares the two files byte by byte and reports the first mismatch.
9. Can the ‘echo’ command be used instead of the ‘ls’ command?
Answer: Yes. The 'ls' command can be replaced with the 'echo' command. The ‘ls’ command lists the directory contents. From the perspective of replacing the above command, we can use ‘echo *’. The output of the two commands is exactly the same.
10. You may have heard of inode. Can you briefly describe the inode?
Answer: ‘inode’ is a ‘data structure’ used for file identification on Linux. Each file has an independent 'inode' and a 'unique' inode number on Unix systems.

The above is the detailed content of 10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' for Linux Shell Scripting. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement
This article is reproduced at:Linux中文社区. If there is any infringement, please contact admin@php.cn delete
Linux's Essential Components: Explained for BeginnersLinux's Essential Components: Explained for BeginnersApr 17, 2025 am 12:08 AM

The core components of Linux include the kernel, file system, shell and common tools. 1. The kernel manages hardware resources and provides basic services. 2. The file system organizes and stores data. 3. Shell is the interface for users to interact with the system. 4. Common tools help complete daily tasks.

Linux: A Look at Its Fundamental StructureLinux: A Look at Its Fundamental StructureApr 16, 2025 am 12:01 AM

The basic structure of Linux includes the kernel, file system, and shell. 1) Kernel management hardware resources and use uname-r to view the version. 2) The EXT4 file system supports large files and logs and is created using mkfs.ext4. 3) Shell provides command line interaction such as Bash, and lists files using ls-l.

Linux Operations: System Administration and MaintenanceLinux Operations: System Administration and MaintenanceApr 15, 2025 am 12:10 AM

The key steps in Linux system management and maintenance include: 1) Master the basic knowledge, such as file system structure and user management; 2) Carry out system monitoring and resource management, use top, htop and other tools; 3) Use system logs to troubleshoot, use journalctl and other tools; 4) Write automated scripts and task scheduling, use cron tools; 5) implement security management and protection, configure firewalls through iptables; 6) Carry out performance optimization and best practices, adjust kernel parameters and develop good habits.

Understanding Linux's Maintenance Mode: The EssentialsUnderstanding Linux's Maintenance Mode: The EssentialsApr 14, 2025 am 12:04 AM

Linux maintenance mode is entered by adding init=/bin/bash or single parameters at startup. 1. Enter maintenance mode: Edit the GRUB menu and add startup parameters. 2. Remount the file system to read and write mode: mount-oremount,rw/. 3. Repair the file system: Use the fsck command, such as fsck/dev/sda1. 4. Back up the data and operate with caution to avoid data loss.

How Debian improves Hadoop data processing speedHow Debian improves Hadoop data processing speedApr 13, 2025 am 11:54 AM

This article discusses how to improve Hadoop data processing efficiency on Debian systems. Optimization strategies cover hardware upgrades, operating system parameter adjustments, Hadoop configuration modifications, and the use of efficient algorithms and tools. 1. Hardware resource strengthening ensures that all nodes have consistent hardware configurations, especially paying attention to CPU, memory and network equipment performance. Choosing high-performance hardware components is essential to improve overall processing speed. 2. Operating system tunes file descriptors and network connections: Modify the /etc/security/limits.conf file to increase the upper limit of file descriptors and network connections allowed to be opened at the same time by the system. JVM parameter adjustment: Adjust in hadoop-env.sh file

How to learn Debian syslogHow to learn Debian syslogApr 13, 2025 am 11:51 AM

This guide will guide you to learn how to use Syslog in Debian systems. Syslog is a key service in Linux systems for logging system and application log messages. It helps administrators monitor and analyze system activity to quickly identify and resolve problems. 1. Basic knowledge of Syslog The core functions of Syslog include: centrally collecting and managing log messages; supporting multiple log output formats and target locations (such as files or networks); providing real-time log viewing and filtering functions. 2. Install and configure Syslog (using Rsyslog) The Debian system uses Rsyslog by default. You can install it with the following command: sudoaptupdatesud

How to choose Hadoop version in DebianHow to choose Hadoop version in DebianApr 13, 2025 am 11:48 AM

When choosing a Hadoop version suitable for Debian system, the following key factors need to be considered: 1. Stability and long-term support: For users who pursue stability and security, it is recommended to choose a Debian stable version, such as Debian11 (Bullseye). This version has been fully tested and has a support cycle of up to five years, which can ensure the stable operation of the system. 2. Package update speed: If you need to use the latest Hadoop features and features, you can consider Debian's unstable version (Sid). However, it should be noted that unstable versions may have compatibility issues and stability risks. 3. Community support and resources: Debian has huge community support, which can provide rich documentation and

TigerVNC share file method on DebianTigerVNC share file method on DebianApr 13, 2025 am 11:45 AM

This article describes how to use TigerVNC to share files on Debian systems. You need to install the TigerVNC server first and then configure it. 1. Install the TigerVNC server and open the terminal. Update the software package list: sudoaptupdate to install TigerVNC server: sudoaptinstalltigervnc-standalone-servertigervnc-common 2. Configure TigerVNC server to set VNC server password: vncpasswd Start VNC server: vncserver:1-localhostno

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Chat Commands and How to Use Them
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

Atom editor mac version download

Atom editor mac version download

The most popular open source editor

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools