PHP website performance tuning: How to optimize database design to increase access speed?

PHP website performance tuning: How to optimize database design to increase access speed?

Abstract:
When developing and maintaining a PHP website, database design is a crucial factor. Optimizing database design can greatly improve the access speed and performance of PHP websites. This article will introduce some common tips and methods for optimizing database design to help you improve the performance of your PHP website.

1. Use the correct data type
   When designing a database table, choosing the appropriate data type can greatly improve the performance of the database. Use the smallest possible data type and avoid using bigint or float unless absolutely necessary. Try to use integer (int) or decimal (decimal) to store data.

Here is some sample code:

CREATE TABLE users (

id INT(11) AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL

);

2. Add index
   Add index Can speed up database queries. When designing a database table, select appropriate columns to add indexes based on the access method and frequency of the data. Typically, you can add indexes for primary and foreign keys, as well as for columns that are often used with the WHERE clause.

Here are some sample codes:

ALTER TABLE users ADD INDEX idx_username (username);
ALTER TABLE orders ADD INDEX idx_user_id (user_id);

3. Correct use of association relationships
   Proper use of association relationships can reduce redundant storage in the database and improve query efficiency. Extract data with the same attributes into separate tables and associate them through foreign keys.

Here is some sample code:

CREATE TABLE orders (

id INT(11) AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
user_id INT(11) NOT NULL,
product_id INT(11) NOT NULL,
quantity INT(11) NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id),
FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES products(id)

);

4. Use batch operations
   Batch Operations can reduce the number of interactions with the database and improve efficiency. Combine multiple operations into one database query by using the INSERT multiple values, UPDATE multiple values, or DELETE multiple values ​​statements.

The following is some sample code:

INSERT INTO products (name, price) VALUES

('Product 1', 10),
('Product 2', 20),
('Product 3', 30);

5. Cache query results
   For some frequent and For queries with stable results, the query results can be cached in the PHP application to reduce the number of queries to the database.

The following is some sample code:

function getCachedUsers() {

$cacheKey = 'users';
$users = getFromCache($cacheKey);

if (!$users) {
    $users = getUsersFromDatabase();
    saveToCache($cacheKey, $users);
}

return $users;

}

Summary:
By optimizing the database design, We can improve the access speed and performance of PHP websites. Using the correct data types, adding indexes, using relationships correctly, using batch operations, and caching query results are common ways to optimize database design. Using these tips, you can improve the performance of your PHP website and provide a better user experience.

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